Headache is the most common complaint in cerebral venous sinus thrombosis (CVST) and it may sometimes be the only symptom in these patients. This retrospective and prospective study was an investigation of any differences in terms of clinical risk factors, radiological findings, or prognosis in patients with CVST who presented with isolated headache (IH) and cases with other concomitant findings (non-isolated headache [NIH]). A total of 1144 patients from a multicenter study of cerebral venous sinus thrombosis (VENOST study) were enrolled in this research. The demographic, biochemical, clinical, and radiological aspects of 287 IH cases and 857 NIH cases were compared. There were twice as many women as men in the study group. In the IH group, when gender distribution was evaluated by age group, no statistically significant difference was found. The onset of headache was frequently subacute and chronic in the IH group, but an acute onset was more common in the NIH group. Other neurological findings were observed in 29% of the IH group during follow-up. A previous history of deep, cerebral, or other venous thromboembolism was less common in the IH group than in the NIH group. Transverse sinus involvement was greater in the IH group, whereas sagittal sinus involvement was greater in the NIH group. The presence of a plasminogen activator inhibitor (PAI) mutation was significantly greater in the IH group. IH and CVST should be kept in mind if a patient has subacute or chronic headache. PAI, which has an important role in thrombolytic events, may be a risk factor in CVST. Detailed hematological investigations should be considered. Additional studies are needed.IH and CVST should be kept in mind if a patient has subacute or chronic headache. PAI, which has an important role in thrombolytic events, may be a risk factor in CVST. SP600125 Detailed hematological investigations should be considered. Additional studies are needed.In addition to medical approaches, laser revascularization, transmyocardial laser revascularization, angiogenesis, growth factor gene therapy, thoracic epidural anesthesia, and spinal cord simulation are used to treat chronic refractory angina pectoris. A unilateral left stellate ganglion block is another alternative. It may particularly be considered as a palliative intervention in patients with a short life span. Described here is the case of a 66-year-old male patient for whom a unilateral left stellate ganglion blockade was used to treat chronic refractory angina pectoris. This study was performed to investigate the efficiency of local heat and cold application to decrease vaccine-associated pain among infants 2-6 months of age. This was a randomized controlled trial. The study universe comprised infants aged 2-6 months who were brought to 4 family health centers in the Safranbolu district of Karabuk Province, Turkey, for a pneumococcal vaccination June 1-November 30, 2016. A total of 96 infants (heat application 31, cold application 32, and control group 33) were enrolled in the the study. The data were collected using an infant ınformation form and the Face, Legs, Activity, Cry, Consolability (FLACC) pain scale. The mean FLACC score of the infants was 5.531±1.934 in the cold application group, 8.710±1.346 in the heat application group, and 9.152±1.661 in the control group. The difference between the mean scores of the groups was statistically significant (KW=49.043; p=0.000). Local cold and heat application methods applied to the vaccination area before a pneumoccal vaccine reduced vaccine-associated pain in the infants, and the application of cold was more effective than heat.Local cold and heat application methods applied to the vaccination area before a pneumoccal vaccine reduced vaccine-associated pain in the infants, and the application of cold was more effective than heat. The aim of this study was to evaluate complex regional pain syndrome (CRPS) following hand/wrist injuries. The sociodemographic characteristics of the patients and details regarding the presence of an occupational accident, the type of hand/wrist injury (bone, tendon, nerve, mixed), the Modified Hand Injury Severity Score (MHISS) (minor, moderate, severe, major), and the presence of CRPS were obtained from the hospital information system and analyzed. A total of 311 patient files were included in the study. In all, 23.8% of the patients developed CRPS and 49.2% had mixed-type injuries. There was a relationship between the lesion type and the development of CRPS a mixed type of injury was most common (p=0.015). Isolated nerve injuries were also associated with the development of CRPS (p=0.001). A significant difference was noted in the MHISS and CRPS occurrence in cases of major injury (p=0.003). A high MHISS and/or nerve injury in patients with hand/wrist injuries may be a risk factor for the development of CRPS.A high MHISS and/or nerve injury in patients with hand/wrist injuries may be a risk factor for the development of CRPS.Trigeminal neuralgia attributed to multiple sclerosis (TNMS) occurs in 2% to 5% of patients with multiple sclerosis (MS). Although treatment strategies are similar to those for classic trigeminal neuralgia, TNMS tends to become medically resistant and require polytherapy. Demyelinating lesions in critical regions are the most common etiology. However, therapies used to treat MS may trigger trigeminal neuralgia, as well as other pain disorders, like migraines or daily headaches. Presently reported is the case of a patient with MS who suffered severe trigeminal neuralgia 5 months after switching to teriflunomide, an oral immunomodulator drug approved for relapsing-remitting MS, and a discussion of possible etiological factors for the development of trigeminal neuralgia. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of an informative leaflet provided to patients before a lumbar transforaminal epidural steroid injection (TFESI) on the level of immediate pain and pre-procedural anxiety. A total of 166 patients were randomized into 2 groups a group that received an explanatory leaflet (LG) and a control group. Both groups were given verbal information, while the LG was also given an illustrated leaflet describing the injection process. All of the patients were evaluated with the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale before the TFESI. The numerical rating scale and the Oswestry Disability Index (ODI) were used to assess disability and pain before and after the TFESI. Major complications that occurred before and during the procedure were recorded and analyzed. The patient characteristics were similar in both groups (age, body mass index, depression level, pre-procedural pain, and ODI). The anxiety level was also similar in both groups (p>0.05). When both groups were evaluated at the first hour after the procedure, the numerical rating scale level of pain intensity was also similar (p>0.