and also they are rapid in giving the results. Thus, nested PCR for fungus can be used in a cost-effective manner for the early and reliable diagnosis of clinically suspected IFIs. Subclinical Vitamin B12 deficiency is a very common entity in the Indian subcontinent with devastating clinical and socio-economic consequences. The objective of this study was to estimate the proportion of vitamin B12 deficient children and to evaluate their clinical profile. This prospective analytical study was conducted in a tertiary level care institute in Northern India. Children with clinical pallor, were included in this study. Detailed history, height, weight percentiles and characteristic features of vitamin B12 deficiency were recorded and complete blood counts, mean corpuscular volume and vitamin B12 levels were done. For Qualitative data was analyzed using Pearson Chi square tests and quantitative data was analyzed using two sided independent samples t tests. A total of 111 children were included. 64.8% ( = 72) had vitamin B12 deficiency. Lethargy (63.9%) and weight loss (62.1%), Knuckle pigmentation were common features. One-fourth of the children were on vegetarian diet. Neurologicavitamin B12 levels forms an essential component while evaluating children with anemia, despite mixed dietary habits and normal MCV. Nutrition is one of the most important factors that affect a child's health. It plays a vital role in the prevention and control of disease morbidity and mortality. https://www.selleckchem.com/products/A-966492.html It is a major public health problem in a developing country like India. To assess undernutrition in under-five children and various sociodemographic factors affecting it. A community-based cross-sectional study was conducted among under-five children of rural and urban Rishikesh. A total sample size of 400 under-five children was taken. Multistage sampling was done to select the areas and systematic random sampling was done for selection of households. A predesigned, pretested, and semistructured questionnaire was used to collect information on the sociodemographic characteristics and status of undernutrition in study participants. Data was entered into excel sheets and analyzed using SPSS version 23 utilizing appropriate statistical methods. The prevalence of underweight was 37.3%, stunting 43.3% and wasting 24.5%. Underweight (40.5% v/s 35.0%), stunting (46.5% v/s 40.0%), and wasting (27.0% v/s 22.0%) was more prevalent in urban areas as compared to rural areas. Sociodemographic factors such as religion, caste, parental education, father's occupation, and family size emerged as significant predictors of under nutrition. Undernutrition in under-five children was quite high. Since childhood malnutrition is multifactorial, there is no single cause big enough to blame but a multifaceted approach is required to combat malnutrition.Undernutrition in under-five children was quite high. Since childhood malnutrition is multifactorial, there is no single cause big enough to blame but a multifaceted approach is required to combat malnutrition. Trauma is an immediate cause of patients flowing to the emergency department of any hospital. Besides epidemiology, clinical profile and treatment strategy forms an important aspect to reflect the gap in the existing public sector health-care system and the requirement. To evaluate the clinicoepidemiological profile of trauma patients admitting to an apex trauma hospital in east India. A prospective observational study was performed during the time period of December 2018 to July 2019 on trauma patients admitted to the Trauma and Emergency department. Patient's demographic profile, injury type, mechanism, the vehicle involved in the accident, and transportation were recorded. Various trauma scores (clinical) and outcome measures were recorded. Statistical analysis was done by R version 3.6.1. Male female ratio was 40793 with the 21-30 age group predominantly. 2-6 PM was the most common time of injury and ambulance was the predominant mode of transport (58%). Road traffic injury (RTI) accounted for 75% victims; two-wheelers (68%) dominated over others. Thirty percent (drivers 18%, pillion riders 12%) were wearing helmet; 41% were wearing seat belts (drivers 34%, passenger 12%). Twenty-five percent of drivers consumed alcohol. The median ± Interquartile range of injury severity score (ISS), revised trauma and trauma score and injury severity score were 17 (11-26), 7.8 (4.1-7.8), and 98.41 (95.95-99.30), respectively. Extremity injury (54% fractures) and head injury (50%) were the frontrunners in the pattern of injury, with half of the victims were polytrauma (ISS > 15). The injury was prominently RTI and the trauma victims/patients were young male drivers on two wheelers. The focus should be directed to make use of safety measures among the youth.The injury was prominently RTI and the trauma victims/patients were young male drivers on two wheelers. The focus should be directed to make use of safety measures among the youth. Hand hygiene play crucial role in infectious control. The present research is on accessing Knowledge, attitude, and practice of nursing staff regarding hand washing. Human hands are covered with several commensal and pathogenic microorganism. Pathogenic bacterial species especially species are the most common to participate in nosocomial infections. Total 300 hand swab samples were taken from 150 nursing staffs followed by filling the questionnaire form. Standard culture media (Blood agar and MacConkey agar) were used to isolate the microorganisms. Microbial identification was done by using standard biochemical tests. Our study concluded that over all staff members had moderate knowledge and attitude regarding hand washing. Coagulase-negative isolates were the most dominant bacteria. Occurrence of was relatively less. Creating awareness and education regarding hand hygiene would definitely increase the attitude and practice of health care workers to minimizing the nosocomial infection.Creating awareness and education regarding hand hygiene would definitely increase the attitude and practice of health care workers to minimizing the nosocomial infection.