Based upon scanning electron microscopy (SEM) identification and molecular characterization using mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase I (COI) region, the metacestodes in whitish cysts were confirmed to be of for the first time in Punjab, India. The study highlights an alarmingly high infection of rodents with zoonotic parasites and suggests immediate pest (rodent) control to check the dissemination of zoonotic diseases by helminth species under study.The study highlights an alarmingly high infection of rodents with zoonotic parasites and suggests immediate pest (rodent) control to check the dissemination of zoonotic diseases by helminth species under study. Lameness in dairy cattle is prevalent worldwide and has serious economic and welfare implications. Nevertheless, it is an overlooked and least studied dairy problem in Pakistan. This study was executed for and evaluation of antimicrobials and disinfectants against bacterial pathogens from hoof lesions of commercial dairy cattle. For studies, 23 bacterial isolates (n=10 , n=8 , and n=5 ) from hoof lesions were used for antimicrobial and disinfectants susceptibility testing. trials were carried out among 4 groups of dairy cows suffering from hoof lesions using different combinations of antimicrobials, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), and disinfectants either parenterally or topically. Results indicated that most of the isolates of , , and were resistant to penicillin, amoxicillin, trimethoprim + sulphamethoxazole, oxytetracycline, and tylosin. Ciprofloxacin and gentamicin were the most effective antimicrobials ( ) against all three bacterial pathogens. Comparison of efficacy of disinfectants showed that copper sulfate was the most effective disinfectant against the three pathogens followed by povidone-iodine and chloroxylenol. trials revealed that ciprofloxacin at 5 mg/kg/day intramuscular (IM) for 7 days, flunixin meglumine at 2.2 mg/kg/day IM for 7 days, and copper sulfate (5% solution) as foot-bath twice daily for 21 days was the most effective treatment regimen to treat lameness in commercial dairy cows. It was concluded that antibiogram and disinfectant studies were useful tools to assess the effectiveness of routinely used antimicrobials and disinfectants for the treatment of lameness.It was concluded that in vitro antibiogram and disinfectant studies were useful tools to assess the effectiveness of routinely used antimicrobials and disinfectants for the treatment of lameness. is an opportunistic intracellular foodborne pathogen and is ubiquitous in nature. The occurrence of in animal production units coupled with their presence in milk, faeces, feed, water, sewage, and soil is a contributory factor for foodborne listeriosis in humans and animals. The study was aimed to characterize genotype and serogroup of recovered from different types of samples and also to study antimicrobial patterns by phenotypic and genotypic methods. Multiplex polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was used for the confirmation of , the identification of its serogroup and lineage, and the detection of virulence markers. Enterobacterial repetitive intergenic consensus (ERIC), and randomly amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD)-PCR were used to characterize those isolates, and antimicrobial patterns were studied phenotypically by Kirby-Bauer method and genotypically by PCR. Out of the screened 474 samples (274 milk and 50 each of soil, feed, sewage, and beef), ten isolates (milk=8, soil=1, and beef=1)ogenes in bovine farm environments coupled with virulence markers, and multidrug resistance from the study area suggest a possible transmission from the environment to humans and animals which needs to be monitored regularly to ensure food safety and the well-being of animals and humans. The art of medicine glorifies when a clinician listens carefully to the patient's story, gives a thorough examination, performs appropriate investigations, and finally links findings together to reach a definite diagnosis. An interesting case was reported here, highlighting the integration of different symptoms and manifestations with some relevant biochemical investigations to reach a final diagnosis. To the best of our knowledge, fixed flexion deformity, as a complication of subcutaneous calcification, has not been previously reported in a child with Albright hereditary osteodystrophy (AHO). A 2.5-year-old boy was born at term with a birth weight of 3.5 kg (-0.49 SDS). The child was referred to a general pediatrician with a history of right elbow joint swelling noticed initially at six months of age. He then developed the limitation of right upper arm movement, which slowly progressed afterward. The patient had no history of trauma. At nine months of age, he was diagnosed with hypothyroidism, preceded by cold skin, dry hair, and constipation. At nine years of age, he presented with a fixed flexion deformity of the right elbow associated with markedly limited joint movement and symmetrical hands with hyperpigmented knuckles of right metacarpal bones. Subcutaneous masses were felt along the right forearm, showing tenderness on palpation. Investigations revealed elevated serum parathyroid hormone and normal calcium indicating parathyroid hormone resistance. Further genetic testing revealed GNAS mutation. The child was obese throughout his childhood. This case report describes an obese child with subcutaneous calcification that led to fixed flexion deformity of the elbow, starting at an incredibly early age. Hypothyroidism and pseudohypoparathyroidism raised the suspicion of AHO, which was later confirmed by genetic testing. selleck kinase inhibitor This is the first case report on fixed flexion deformity in a patient with GNAS mutation (c.719-1G > A Chr20 57484737) in West Asia. A Chr20 57484737) in West Asia. The important role of physical activity in the prevention and management of diabetes necessitates a review of current research to shed light on gaps in national diabetes guidelines. This scoping review was part of the Iran Diabetes Research Roadmap (IDRR) study. A systematic search was used based on the Arksey and O'Malley method consisting of six steps. The descriptive analysis was done with SPSS software. Additionally, VOS veiwer software was used to draw the knowledge map of the included studies. There were 169 articles included from the beginning of 2015 to the end of 2019 in Iran. Aerobic and resistance exercises were types of physical activity with more number of articles. Most of the included clinical studies were randomized clinical trials and had a level of evidence two. Also, there was more interest in outcomes such as glycemic control and insulin sensitivity, metabolic syndrome, metabolism, and cardiovascular health. The network of co-authorship was drawn, and "controlled study", "male", and "rat" were the most frequent keywords.