With the conclusion of the second phase of mixed dentition at age 12, the orthodontist was able to start fixed orthodontic treatment of the maxillary and mandibular arches with all of the child's permanent teeth adequately restored. Orthodontic treatment was completed at age 14. At present, 6 years after initiation of dental treatment, all teeth are still free of decay. A carefully supervised recall program with early comprehensive care at frequent intervals and adequate, defect-driven restorations depending on how severely the teeth are affected are the basis for a favorable long-term prognosis in patients with MIH.A carefully supervised recall program with early comprehensive care at frequent intervals and adequate, defect-driven restorations depending on how severely the teeth are affected are the basis for a favorable long-term prognosis in patients with MIH. To systematically review the literature to determine whether silane combined with adhesive application improves the repair bond strength of direct methacrylate-based resin composites in comparison to the use of an adhesive alone. The literature up to December 2019 was searched through PubMed/MEDLINE, Scopus, and Lilacs databases with no publication year or language limits. From 676 potentially eligible studies, 81 were selected for full-text analysis, and 19 were included in the systematic review. Two reviewers independently selected the studies, extracted data, and assessed the risk of bias. Meta-analyses were conducted using a random effects model to calculate pooled mean differences between adhesive- vs silane-plus-adhesive surface treatments (global meta-analysis) and considering subgroup analyses (immediate and aged repair bond strengths and type of silane - hydrolyzed or nonhydrolyzed). Statistical analyses were performed using RevMan5.3 at a significance level of 5%. Global meta-analysis showed that the use of silane prior to adhesive application produced significantly higher repair bond strengths (p=0.003). A higher mean difference (effect size 7.30, 95% CI 2.91-17.51) between groups was found when nonhydrolyzed silanes were used. The heterogeneity was high. Studies scored between medium and high risk of bias. An additional silane application step could increase the repair bond strength of methacrylate-based resin composites.An additional silane application step could increase the repair bond strength of methacrylate-based resin composites.The most serious complications of liver hydatid cyst disease are fistulization into biliary tract, compression of adjacent vascular structures, anaphylactic reaction, and perforation. Fistulization between liver hydatid cyst and gallbladder tract is an extremely rare complication with only a few cases reported so far. Herein, we aimed to report a 43-year-old man who was diagnosed as having a cholecysto-hydatid cyst fistula. The patient presented to emergency department with signs and symptoms of cholangitis. His biochemical tests revealed elevated AST, ALT, GGT, and bilirubin levels. The radiological examinations (CT, MRCP) revealed a lesion consistent with hydatid cyst (Hydatid cyst ELISA IgG +) with an approximate size of 90*65 mm, which was posterolateral to the gallbladder and fistulized into the latter. In order to relieve pressure within the biliary tract, ERCP with sphincterotomy was performed. He was taken to the operating room a few days later. After draping sponges soaked with 3% NaCl onto the surgical field, near-total pericystectomy + omentopexy + cholecystectomy + common bile duct exploration + T-tube drainage were performed. Bile duct opening to the posterior wall of the cyst was sutured with a prolene suture. Albendazole treatment was started on first postoperative day. After taking a cholangiogram on 21st postoperative day, the T-tube was removed without any complication. In conclusion, cholecysto-hydatid cyst fistula is an extremely rare complication of hydatid cyst disease even in endemic regions. The gold standard for the diagnosis is the combined use of characteristics of clinical presentation, biochemical parameters, and radiological studies. Treatment plan is designed on the basis of the relationship of a fistulized cyst with other bile ducts. KEY WORD Cholecysto-Hydatid Cyst Fistula, Gallbladder, Hydatid Cyst, Liver.SnS2/Na0.9Mg0.45Ti3.55O8 (SNMTO) composite photocatalyst was synthesized by a hydrothermal method. The chemical combination in lattice scale between SnS2 and Na0.9Mg0.45Ti3.55O8 (NMTO) was observed by high-resolution transmission electron microscopy, indicating that heterojunctions were obtained between SnS2 and NMTO. The photocatalytic activity of SNMTO heterojunctions was improved in comparison with that of pure NMTO and SnS2 for the photocatalytic degradation of methylene blue and Rhodamine B. Electrons were excited in n-type semiconductors NMTO and SnS2 under light illumination, and a part of them moved to the interface, determined with the surface potential reduction observed directly by Kelvin probe force microscopy. The charge redistribution in the composite illustrates a high density of interface states between SnS2 and NMTO, which attract lots of photoelectrons, as a result enhancing the photocatalytic performance. This finding is very different from the speculation that the photogenerated electrons and holes migrate from one part to another because it is difficult for charge carriers to travel through the interface with high energy.A deep grasp of the properties of the interface between organic molecules and hexagonal boron nitride (h-BN) is essential for the full implementation of these two building blocks in the next generation of electronic devices. Here, using scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) and scanning tunneling spectroscopy (STS), we report on the geometric and electronic features of C60 evaporated on a single layer of h-BN grown on a Rh(110) surface under ultra-high vacuum. Two different molecular assemblies of C60 on the h-BN/Rh(110) surface were observed. The first STM study at room temperature (RT) and at low temperatures (40 K) looked at the molecular orientation of C60 on a two-dimensional layered material. selleck compound Intramolecular-resolution images demonstrate the existence of a phase transition of C60 over the h-BN/Rh(110) surface similar to that found on bulk solid C60. At RT molecules exhibit random orientations, while at 40 K such rotational disorder vanishes and they adopt a common orientation over the h-BN/Rh(110) surface.