cluster B2A, P. sylvaticum, P. pachycaule, P aphanidermatum, P. see more myriotylum, and P. oopapillum are pathogens of clary sage. P. irregulare (37% of all isolates) and members of the species complex Pythium sp. cluster B2A (28% of all isolates) comprised the majority of isolates collected from all hosts and were the most frequently isolated species from rye, rapeseed, and winter pea. In pathogenicity assays, isolates representing P. irregulare and P. spinosum caused slight to moderate root necrosis on rye, rapeseed, and winter pea. Isolates representing Pythium sp. cluster B2A caused slight to moderate root necrosis on rapeseed and clary sage, but no symptoms on rye or winter pea.Colletotrichum lindemuthianum, the causal pathogen of common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris) anthracnose, is highly variable. Therefore, understanding its race structure and identification of new sources of resistance is necessary for the development of varieties with durable resistance. The objectives of this study were (i) to characterize isolates of C. lindemuthianum collected from three major bean-growing regions in Zambia, and (ii) evaluate the CIAT Phaseolus core collection for resistance to C. lindemuthianum races 37, 73, and 566, and a blend of 20 races. Isolates collected from three major bean-growing districts in Zambia, namely Mporokoso, Mpika, and Mbala, were characterized as race 37, 73, and 566, respectively. A subset of the CIAT core collection comprised of 885 accessions of common bean, 13 accessions of scarlet runner bean (P. coccineus), and 11 accessions of year bean (P. dumosus) were evaluated for resistance to races 37, 73 and 566, and a blend of 20 races in a greenhouse at University of Zambia, Lusaka, Zambia. A total of 72%, 66%, 48% and 9% of P. vulgaris accessions evaluated were highly resistant to races 37, 73, 566 and a blend of 20 races, respectively. Also, accessions of P. coccineus and P. dumosus, highly resistant to races 37, 73 and 566, were identified. Only eight of the 331 P. vulgaris accessions were highly resistant to all three individual races (37, 73, and 566) and to a blend of 20 races. These eight accessions constitute a valuable breeding resource for developing varieties with durable resistance to C. lindemuthianum. Leptomeningeal enhancement (LME) is a key feature of Susac syndrome (SuS) but is only occasionally depicted on post-contrast T1-weighted images (T1-WI). As post-contrast fluid-attenuated inversion recovery (FLAIR) may be more sensitive, our aim was to assess LME in SuS on this sequence. From 2010 to 2020, 20 patients with definite SuS diagnosis were retrospectively enrolled in this multicentre study. Two radiologists independently assessed the number of LME on post-contrast FLAIR and T1-WI acquisitions performed before any treatment. A chi-square test was used to compare both sequences and the interrater agreement was calculated. Thirty-five magnetic resonance imagings (MRIs) were performed before treatment, including 19 post-contrast FLAIR images in 17 patients and 25 post-contrast T1-WI in 19 patients. In terms of patients, LME was observed on all post-contrast FLAIR, contrary to post-contrast T1-WI (17/17 (100%) vs. 15/19 (79%),  < 0.05). In terms of sequences, LME was observed on all post-contrast FLAIR, contrary to post-contrast T1-WI (19/19 (100%) vs. 16/25 (64%),  < 0.005). LME was disseminated at both supratentorial (19/19) and infratentorial (18/19) levels on post-contrast FLAIR, contrary to post-contrast T1-WI (3/25 and 9/25, respectively). Interrater agreement was excellent for post-contrast FLAIR (κ = 0.95) but only moderate for post-contrast T1-WI (κ = 0.61). LME was always observed and easily visible on post-contrast FLAIR images prior to SuS treatment. In association with other MRI features, it is highly indicative of SuS.LME was always observed and easily visible on post-contrast FLAIR images prior to SuS treatment. In association with other MRI features, it is highly indicative of SuS.Aims To determine the association between mean platelet volume (MPV) and hypertension subtypes. Participants & results 44,281 Chinese individuals were enrolled in this cross-sectional study. The mean blood pressure decreased with increasing MPV in females (p = 0.001) and increased MPV seemed to be a potential protective factor for isolated diastolic hypertension in models 1 and 2. The OR (CI) was 0.878 (0.789-0.976) for model 1 and 0.880 (0.789-0.981) for model 2 in males and 0.646 (0.495-0.841) for model 1 and 0.657 (0.503-0.858) for model 2 in females, when MPV was analyzed as a categorical variable. The OR (CI) was 0.947 (0.911-0.985) for Model 1 and 0.947 (0.910-0.985) for Model 2 in males, and 0.886 (0.807-0.973) for Model 1 and 0.892 (0.813-0.978) for Model 2 in females when MPV was analyzed as a continuous variable. However, the statistical difference of OR disappeared when we added blood-related covariates in Model 3. Conclusion No obvious association exists between MPV and hypertension subtypes. Other blood parameters might have a greater impact on hypertension subtypes.Aim COVID-19 pandemic continues and dearth of information remains considering the utility of various inflammatory biomarkers. We carried out the present study to delineate the roles of these biomarkers in various strata of patients with coronavirus infection. Materials & methods A retrospective study was carried out after obtaining approval from the relevant Ethics Committee. Patients established with COVID-19 infection as shown by positive real-time quantitative PCR test were included. Details on their demographics, diagnosis, whether they received tocilizumab, and the values of the following biomarkers were obtained IL-6, C-reactive protein (CRP), serum ferritin, D-dimer, procalcitonin, fibrinogen, lactate dehydrogenase and creatinine kinase. Receiver operating characteristic curves were plotted and correlation of biomarkers with IL-6 were estimated. Results One-hundred and three patients were recruited. We observed that serum ferritin followed by D-dimer had better predictive accuracy in identifying patients with pneumonia compared with asymptomatic; and CRP in addition to the earlier markers had better accuracy for predicting severe illness compared with mild-moderate.