The patient has recovered well and remains minimally symptomatic. Chest examination by auscultation is essential in patients with COVID-19, especially those with poor respiratory conditions, such as severe pneumonia and respiratory dysfunction, and intensive cases who are intubated and whose breathing is assisted with a ventilator. However, proper auscultation of these patients is difficult when medical workers wear personal protective equipment and when it is necessary to minimize contact with patients. The objective of our study was to design and develop a low-cost electronic stethoscope enabling ear-contactless auscultation and digital storage of data for further analysis. The clinical feasibility of our device was assessed in comparison to a standard electronic stethoscope. We developed a prototype of the ear-contactless electronic stethoscope, called Auscul Pi, powered by Raspberry Pi and Python. Our device enables real-time capture of auscultation sounds with a microspeaker instead of an earpiece, and it can store data files for later analysis. We assessed the fowed by quantitative analysis. Auscul Pi may allow accurate auscultation when medical workers are wearing protective suits and have difficulties in examining patients with COVID-19. ChiCTR.org.cn ChiCTR2000033830; http//www.chictr.org.cn/showproj.aspx?proj=54971.ChiCTR.org.cn ChiCTR2000033830; http//www.chictr.org.cn/showproj.aspx?proj=54971. New therapeutic drugs have been developed for non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), and the prognosis of advanced NSCLC patients has improved. However, resistance to these drugs is a concern, and re-biopsy is necessary to determine the mechanism of drug resistance. There are many reports about the protocols for re-biopsy, including techniques such as bronchoscopy and computed tomography-guided needle biopsy (CTNB); however, there is no consensus on which method is optimal. Therefore, we retrospectively reviewed the bronchoscopy and CTNB re-biopsies conducted at our hospital. We retrospectively analyzed 79 cases of re-biopsies with bronchoscopy or CTNB in patients with NSCLC from January 2014 to December 2016at our institute. Forty-nine cases of bronchoscopy and 30 cases of CTNB were taken for re-biopsy. The diagnostic rates of bronchoscopy and CTNB were 83.7% and 100%, respectively (p=0.023). The complication rates of bronchoscopy and CTNB were 18.4% and 36.7%, respectively (p=0.11), with a statistically significant difference in the incidence of pneumothorax (0% vs. selleck inhibitor 23.3%, respectively; p<0.01). Pneumothorax required drainage in 6.7% of all CTNB cases. There were no fatalities in either group. CTNB showed a higher diagnostic rate; however, it was associated with a higher rate of complications such as pneumothorax. Hence, the optimal modality must be determined individually for each patient.CTNB showed a higher diagnostic rate; however, it was associated with a higher rate of complications such as pneumothorax. Hence, the optimal modality must be determined individually for each patient. Antibiotic therapy, including clarithromycin (CLR), has been widely used for the management of Mycobacterium avium complex (MAC) lung disease in clinical settings. When patients develop adverse events (AEs) during CLR-based treatment, the treatment regimen is modified or chemotherapy itself is discontinued. The need for alternative macrolide treatment strategies is emphasized due to the high rate of AEs possibly caused by CLR. Thus, the current study aimed to examine the efficacy and safety of azithromycin (AZM) in patients with MAC lung disease whose treatment was switched from CLR to AZM. We performed a retrospective study of patients with MAC lung disease. The inclusion criteria were as follows (1) patients who experienced AEs during treatment with antibiotics, including CLR, between December 2012 and November 2017, and (2) those who had antimicrobial therapy that was switched from CLR to AZM. The efficacy and safety of AZM during the clinical course of the disease after switching the regimen from CLR to AZM were investigated. Antibiotic therapy was switched in 31 patients who presented with AEs including drug-induced fever, rash, dysgeusia, liver dysfunction, and neutropenia during treatment with CLR-containing regimens. After switching to AZM, the median duration of treatment was 1286 (364-4615) days. During follow-up, 13 patients had a negative conversion of sputum culture. AZM may be safe and effective for patients with MAC lung disease who have difficulty tolerating CLR. In patients who experienced AEs possibly caused by CLR, switching from CLR to AZM might be an appropriate strategy.AZM may be safe and effective for patients with MAC lung disease who have difficulty tolerating CLR. In patients who experienced AEs possibly caused by CLR, switching from CLR to AZM might be an appropriate strategy. Acetic acid is a short-chain fatty acid that has demonstrated biomedical potential as a dietary therapeutic agent for the management of chronic and metabolic illness comorbidities. In human beings, its consumption may improve glucose regulation and insulin sensitivity in individuals with cardiometabolic conditions and type 2 diabetes mellitus. Published clinical trial evidence evaluating its sustained supplementation effects on metabolic outcomes is inconsistent. This systematic review and meta-analysis summarized available evidence on potential therapeutic effects of dietary acetic acid supplementation via consumption of acetic acid-rich beverages and food sources on metabolic and anthropometric outcomes. A systematic search was conducted in Medline, Scopus, EMBASE, CINAHL Plus, and Web of Science from database inception until October 2020. Randomized controlled trials conducted in adults evaluating the effect of dietary acetic acid supplementation for a minimum of 1 week were included. Meta-analyses wacid is well tolerated, has no adverse side effects, and has clinical potential to reduce plasma TAG and FBG concentrations in individuals with type 2 diabetes, and to reduce TAG levels in people who are overweight or obese. No significant effects of dietary acetic acid consumption were seen on HbA1c, HDL, or anthropometric markers. High-quality, longer-term studies in larger cohorts are required to confirm whether dietary acetic acid can act as an adjuvant therapeutic agent in metabolic comorbidities management.