The complete genome sequence of a novel comovirus identified in Guanajuato, Mexico, in a common bean plant (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) coinfected with Phaseolus vulgaris alphaendornavirus 1 (PvEV-1) and Phaseolus vulgaris alphaendornavirus 2 (PvEV-2) is presented. According to the current ICTV taxonomic criteria, this comovirus corresponds to a new species, and the name "Phaseolus vulgaris severe mosaic virus" (PvSMV) is proposed for this virus based on the observed symptoms of "severe mosaic" syndrome caused by comoviruses in common bean. PvSMV is closely related to bean pod mosaic virus (BPMV), and its genome consists of two polyadenylated RNAs. RNA-1 (GenBank accession number MN837498) is 5969 nucleotides (nt) long and encodes a single polyprotein of 1856 amino acids (aa), with an estimated molecular weight (MW) of 210 kDa, that contains putative proteins responsible for viral replication and proteolytic processing. RNA-2 (GenBank accession number MN837499) is 3762 nt long and encodes a single polyprotein of 1024 aa, with an estimated MW of 114 kDa, that contains putative movement and coat proteins. Cleavage sites were predicted based on similarities in size and homology to aa sequences of other comoviruses available in the GenBank database. Symptoms associated with PvSMV include mosaic, local necrotic lesions, and apical necrosis. This is the first report of a comovirus infecting common bean in Mexico.Tumor necrosis factor-alpha inhibitor (TNFi) treatment is effective for ulcerative colitis (UC) and Crohn's disease (CD). Although several meta-analyses have been performed to evaluate the association between TNFi treatment and surgical morbidity, the results are controversial. We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of the prevention of surgical site infection (SSI) after surgery for UC and CD in patients on TNFis, based on literature published between January 2000 and May 2019 (registered on PROSPERO, No. CRD42019134156). Overall, 2175 UC patients in 13 observational studies (OBSs) and 7084 CD patients in 16 OBSs were included. The incidences of incisional (INC) SSI and organ/space (O/S) SSI after surgery for UC were 179/1985 (9.0%) and 176/2175 (8.1%), respectively. TNFi use was not associated with the incidences of INC SSI (odds ratio (OR) 1.04, 95% confidence interval (CI) (0.47-2.32) or O/S SSI (OR 1.85, 95% CI (0.82-4.20)) after surgery for UC. The INC SSI and O/S SSI incidences after surgery for CD were 289/3089 (9.4%) and 526/7,084 (7.4%), respectively. Preoperative TNFi use was not associated with INC SSI (OR 0.98, 95% CI (0.52-1.83)) or O/S SSI incidence (OR 1.09, 95% CI (0.78-1.52)) after surgery for CD. We did not find a significant association between preoperative TNFi use and SSI in surgery for UC or CD.In the original article, Mehreen K. Bhettani's last name and Mubarik Rehman's first name are misspelled.BACKGROUND The safety and effectiveness of expectant management (e.g., watchful waiting or initially managing non-operatively) for patients with a ventral hernia is unknown. We report our 3-year results of a prospective cohort of patients with ventral hernias who underwent expectant management. METHODS A hernia clinic at an academic safety-net hospital was used to recruit patients. Any patient undergoing expectant management with symptoms and high-risk comorbidities, as determined by a surgeon based on institutional criteria, would be included in the study. Patients unlikely to complete follow-up assessments were excluded from the study. Patient-reported outcomes were collected by phone and mailed surveys. A modified activities assessment scale normalized to a 1-100 scale was used to measure results. The rate of operative repair was the primary outcome, while secondary outcomes include rate of emergency room (ER) visits and both emergent and elective hernia repairs. RESULTS Among 128 patients initially enrolled, 84 (65.6%) completed the follow-up at a median (interquartile range) of 34.1 (31, 36.2) months. Overall, 28 (33.3%) patients visited the ER at least once because of their hernia and 31 (36.9%) patients underwent operative management. Seven patients (8.3%) required emergent operative repair. There was no significant change in quality of life for those managed non-operatively; however, substantial improvements in quality of life were observed for patients who underwent operative management. CONCLUSIONS Expectant management is an effective strategy for patients with ventral hernias and significant comorbid medical conditions. Since the short-term risk of needing emergency hernia repair is moderate, there could be a safe period of time for preoperative optimization and risk-reduction for patients deemed high risk.OBJECTIVE The new clinical criteria termed SOFA and qSOFA were demonstrated to be more accurate than SIRS in screening patients at high risk of sepsis. We aim to evaluate the ability of SOFA, qSOFA and SIRS to predict septic shock after PCNL. PATIENTS AND METHODS Consecutive patients undergoing PCNL were included to assess the performance of SOFA, qSOFA and SIRS in predicting septic shock, the AUC of ROC curve and decision curve analysis were used, and the optimal cutoff values and their achieving time were calculated. RESULTS Of the 431 included patients, 12 (2.7%) cases developed septic shock. check details Compared with non-septic shock patients, patients with septic shock were more likely to be female, have positive history of urine culture and higher urine leukocyte count, and show increased postoperative serum creatinine, PCT and decreased leukocyte. The optimal cutoff of SOFA, qSOFA and SIRS was > 2, > 0 and > 1, respectively. All of the 12 patients with verified septic shock met SOFA and SIRS criteria, while only 11 cases met qSOFA criterion. SOFA had the identical highest sensitivity (100%) and greater specificity (87% vs. 81%) than SIRS. qSOFA had higher specificity (92%) than both SOFA and SIRS at the expense of lower sensitivity (92%). The AUC of SOFA (0.973) to predict septic shock was greater than that of qSOFA (0.928) and SIRS (0.935). When combined with SIRS, SOFA outperformed qSOFA for discrimination of septic shock (AUC 0.987 vs. 0.978). Decision curve analysis indicated SOFA was clearly superior to both qSOFA and SIRS with a higher net benefit and net reduction in intervention. The qSOFA achieved the best time-based predictive efficiency, with the shortest median time to meet its cutoff, followed by SOFA and SIRS. CONCLUSION The performance of SOFA in predicting septic shock after PCNL was slightly greater than qSOFA and SIRS. The comprehensive application of various criteria is recommended to assist early detection of septic shock following PCNL.