We have used a non-parabolic approximation to the density functional theory calculated valence band density of states. To validate our transport model, we calculate and compare our time of flight mobility, impact ionization gain, ensemble energy and velocity, and high field hole energy distributions with experimental findings. We reached the conclusion that hot holes drift around in the direction perpendicular to the applied electric field and are subject to frequent acceleration/deceleration caused by the presence of high phonon, disorder, and impurity scattering. This leads to a certain determinism in the otherwise stochastic impact ionization phenomenon, as usually seen in elemental crystalline solids.Two nonfullerene small molecules, TBTT-BORH and TBTT-ORH, which have the same thiophene-benzothiadiazole-thiophene (TBTT) core flanked with butyloctyl (BO)- and octyl (O)-substituted rhodanines (RHs) at both ends, respectively, are developed as electron acceptors for organic solar cells (OSCs). The difference between the alkyl groups introduced into TBTT-BORH and TBTT-ORH strongly influence the intermolecular aggregation in the film state. Differential scanning calorimetry and UV-vis absorption studies reveal that TBTT-ORH exhibited stronger molecular aggregation behavior than TBTT-BORH. On the contrary, the material solubility is greatly improved by the introduction of a BO group in TBTT-BORH, and the inevitably low molecular interaction and packing ability of the as-cast TBTT-BORH film can be effectively increased by a solvent-vapor annealing (SVA) treatment. OSCs based on the two acceptors and PTB7-Th as a polymer donor are fabricated owing to their complementary absorption and sufficient energy-level offsets. The best power conversion efficiency of 8.33% is obtained with the SVA-treated TBTT-BORH device, where, together with a high open-circuit voltage of 1.02 V, the charge-carrier mobility and the short-circuit current density were greatly improved by the SVA treatment to levels comparable to those of the TBTT-ORH device because of the suppressed charge recombination and improved film morphology. In this work, the simultaneous improvement of both material solubility and device performance is achieved through alkyl side-chain engineering to balance the trade-offs among material solubility/crystallinity/device performance.Ferulic acid, a hydroxycinnamic acid, is abundant in vegetables, grains, and medicinal plants. Emerging evidence suggests that ferulic acid may exert beneficial effects against colorectal cancer. However, the anticancer activity of ferulic acid is relatively low, and its metabolism after oral administration is largely unknown. In this study, mimicking the enteric environment, human intestinal microflora and commercial probiotics were used to metabolize ferulic acid to its metabolites, and their anticancer activities were evaluated. Ferulic acid can be biotransformed to 4-vinylguaiacol (2-methoxy-4-vinylphenol), and the contents of ferulic acid and 4-vinylguaiacol in bio-transformed extracts were determined by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Using the chemotherapy-sensitive cell line HCT-116 and the chemo-resistant cell line HT-29, the cell proliferation was determined by the modified trichrome stain assay. The cell cycle and induction of apoptosis were assayed using flow cytometry. HPLC data sh 4-Vinylguaiacol is a potential anticancer metabolite from ferulic acid for chemotherapy-resistant colon cancer cells.Wide band gap luminescent MoS2 quantum dots (QDs) and MoS2 nanocrystals (NCs) have been synthesized by using laser-assisted chemical vapour deposition and used as an electrode material in supercapacitors. Size-dependent properties of the MoS2 QDs and NCs were examined by UV-vis absorption, photoluminescence, and Raman spectroscopy. The morphological evolution of the NCs and QDs were characterized by using field emission scanning electron microscopy, high-resolution transmission electron microscopy, and atomic force microscopy. The as-synthesized uniform QDs with a size of ∼2 nm exhibited an extended electrochemical potential window of 0.9 V with a specific capacitance value of 255 F/g, while the NCs values were 205 F/g and 0.8 V and the pristine MoS2 with values of 105 F/g and 0.6 V at a scan rate of 1 mV s-1. A shorter conductive pathway and 3D quantum confinement of MoS2 QDs that exhibited a higher number of active sites ensure that the efficient charge storage kinetics along with the intercalation processes at the available edge sites enable significant widening of operating potential window and enhance the capacitance. The symmetric device constructed with the QDs showed a remarkable device capacitance of 50 F/g at a scan rate of 1 mV s-1 with an energy density of ∼5.7 W h kg-1 and achieved an excellent cycle stability of 10,000 consecutive cycles with ∼95% capacitance retention.A traditional hydrothermal method was modified to synthesize ultra-long sodium titanate nanobelts by simultaneously stirring the solution. The ultra-long sodium titanate nanobelts were converted to hydrogen titanate nanobelts through an ion exchanging way. A method was then used to prepare self-standing flexible large-area membranes; they were then subject to post-annealing at different temperatures to obtain a self-standing TiO2 nanobelt membrane with a slight decrease in flexibility. Cu-doped TiO2 membranes were prepared by ion exchanging and post-annealing in the same manner. X-ray diffractions, scanning electron microscopy, field-emission scanning electron microscopy, field-emission transmission electron microscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectrometry, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and UV-vis spectroscopy were used to characterize the samples. Anlotinib purchase Photodegradation of methylene blue (MB) water solutions was used to evaluate the photocatalytic activity. It was seen that the pure sample presented obvious visible-light responding photocatalytic activity, possibly due to the self-sensitization of the MB molecule. The UV-induced photocatalytic activity is higher because of the photoinduced holes and electrons. It was suggested that the Cu dopant induced intra-gap states from electron traps and recombination centers, resulting in the decrease in both of the visible and UV induced photocatalysis.