g techniques are needed. Clinicaltrials.gov identifier NCT03727464.Clinicaltrials.gov identifier NCT03727464. The treatment of haemorrhagic shock is a challenging task. Colloids have been regarded as standard treatment, but their safety and benefit have been the subject of controversial debates. Negative effects, including renal failure and increased mortality, have resulted in restrictions on their administration. The cerebral effects of different infusion regimens are largely unknown. The current study investigated the impact of gelatine-polysuccinate, hydroxyethyl starch (HES) and balanced electrolyte solution (BES) on cerebral integrity, focusing on cerebral inflammation, apoptosis and blood flow in pigs. Randomised experimental study. University-affiliated large animal research unit. Twenty-four juvenile pigs aged 8 to 12 weeks. Haemorrhagic shock was induced by controlled arterial blood withdrawal to achieve a combination of relevant blood loss (30 to 40 ml kg-1) and haemodynamic deterioration. After 30 min of shock, fluid resuscitation was started with either gelatine-polysuccinate, HES or BES. The 0.2; each P < 0.05 vs. BES, 1.1 ± 0.1). After gelatine-polysuccinate, the hippocampal SLC2A and GFAP were lower. After gelatine-polysuccinate, the cortical LCN-2 and TNF-α expression levels were increased (each P < 0.05 vs. BES). In a porcine model, fluid resuscitation by colloids, particularly gelatine-polysuccinate, was associated with the occurrence of cerebral injury. 23 177-07/G 15-1-092; 01/2016.23 177-07/G 15-1-092; 01/2016. The hormonal response to surgical trauma can have detrimental effects on patients. Transversus abdominis plane (TAP) block, which can improve analgesia after total abdominal hysterectomy (TAH) might attenuate the peri-operative stress response. To evaluate the ability of the TAP block to reduce stress response, opioid consumption and pain following TAH and multimodal analgesia. Randomised, placebo-controlled double-blind study. The current study was conducted at a university hospital from July 2016 to September 2017. Fifty patients scheduled for TAH were included. Anaesthesia and postoperative analgesia were standardised. After induction of anaesthesia, patients were allocated into two groups ultrasound-guided bilateral mid-axillary TAP block with 20 ml of bupivacaine 0.25% (Group T) or 0.9% saline (Group C). Levels of free serum cortisol, metanephrine and normetanephrine at 60 min and 6, 12 and 24 h after surgical incision. Pain scores and opioid consumption during the first 24 h after surgery. There was no statistically significant difference between the median [IQR] peri-operative levels of stress hormones and pain scores between groups. Compared with baseline value 9.90 [4.2 to 23.1], free serum median cortisol levels were significantly high at 6 h in Group T, 23.6 [10.1 to 42.9] P = 0.015 and Group C 23.6 [9.9 to 46.3] P = 0.014. Only Group C showed significant elevation from the baseline median levels of plasma metanephrine at 60 min, 52.8 [33.4 to 193.2] P = 0.001, 6 h, 92.70 [2.4 to 202.6] P = 0.005 and normetanephrine at 60 min 83.44 [28.98 to 114.86] P = 0.004, 6 h 78.62 [36.6 to 162.31] P = 0.0005 and 24 h 80.96 [8.6 to 110.5] P = 0.025. Mean ± SD opioid consumption was similar in both groups 39.60 ± 14.87 in Group T vs. 43.68 ± 14.93 in Group C (P = 0.338). Mid-axillary TAP block does not improve stress response and analgesia in patients undergoing TAH receiving multimodal analgesia. ClinicalTrial.gov identifier NCT03443271.ClinicalTrial.gov identifier NCT03443271. Deep neuromuscular blockade (NMB) may reduce muscle injury and related inflammation. The inflammation is one of the pathophysiological processes of peri-operative complications. To compare the degree of inflammation and related postoperative complications including postoperative delirium (POD) and peri-operative bleeding according to the degree of NMB during general anaesthesia for total hip replacement. A prospective, single-blind, randomised controlled trial. Tertiary, university hospital, single centre. Eighty-two patients undergoing total hip replacement surgery were included in the final analysis. Moderate (Mod) and deep (Deep) NMB groups. The changes in inflammatory cytokines were measured. The incidence of POD was evaluated by using confusion assessment method (CAM). The differences of postoperative bleeding and peri-operative oxygenation in both groups were also measured. The NMB reversal duration was significantly longer in the Mod NMB group than in the Deep NMB group. Changes in interleukin-6 were significantly smaller in the Deep NMB group than in the Mod NMB group (P < 0.001). The incidence of POD was not significantly different between groups (34 versus 17% in Mod and Deep NMB groups, respectively; P = 0.129). The amount of postoperative bleeding until postoperative day 2 was significantly greater in the Mod NMB group than in the Deep NMB group (P = 0.027). Our findings suggest that inflammation related to peri-operative complications could be associated with the depth of NMB during total hip replacement. However, the incidence of POD might not be associated to the depth of NMB. National Library of Medicine (NLM) at the National Institutes of Health (NIH) of United States. (Identifier NCT02507609). Online address http//clinicaltrials.gov.National Library of Medicine (NLM) at the National Institutes of Health (NIH) of United States. (Identifier NCT02507609). find more Online address http//clinicaltrials.gov. Anaemia is frequently recorded during preoperative screening and has been suggested to affect outcomes after surgery negatively. The objectives were to assess the frequency of moderate to severe anaemia and its association with length of hospital stay. Post hoc analysis of the international observational prospective 'Local ASsessment of VEntilatory management during General Anaesthesia for Surgery' (LAS VEGAS) study. The current analysis included adult patients requiring general anaesthesia for non-cardiac surgery. Preoperative anaemia was defined as a haemoglobin concentration of 11 g dl-1 or lower, thus including moderate and severe anaemia according to World Health Organisation criteria. The primary outcome was length of hospital stay. Secondary outcomes included hospital mortality, intra-operative adverse events and postoperative pulmonary complications (PPCs). Haemoglobin concentrations were available for 8264 of 9864 patients. Preoperative moderate to severe anaemia was present in 7.7% of patients.