In this review, we focus on both Japanese cypress and cedar pollinosis, and discuss the latest findings, newly identified causative allergens, and new treatments. To manage pollinosis symptoms during spring effectively, ASIT for both Japanese cedar and Japanese cypress pollen is considered necessary.Adverse allergic reactions due to the administration of the vaccines developed for the protection of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) have been reported since the initiation of the vaccination campaigns. Current analyses provided by the Center for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) and Food and Drug Administration (FDA) in the United States have estimated the rates of anaphylactic reactions in 2.5 and 11.1 per million of mRNA-1273 and BNT162b2 vaccines administered, respectively. Although rather low, such rates could have importance due to the uncommon fact that a large majority of the world population will be subjected to vaccination with the aforementioned vaccines in the following months and vaccination will most likely be necessary every season as for influenza vaccines. Health regulators have advised that any subject with a previous history of allergy to drugs or any component of the vaccines should not be vaccinated, however, certain misunderstanding exists since allergy to specific excipients in drugs and vaccines are in occasions misdiagnosed due to an absence of suspicion to specific excipients as allergenic triggers or due to inaccurate labeling or nomenclature. In this review, we provide an updated revision of the most current data regarding the anaphylactic reactions described for BNT162b2 vaccine, mRNA-1273 vaccine, and AZD1222 vaccine. We extensively describe the different excipients in the vaccines with the potential to elicit systemic allergic reactions such as polyethylene glycol (PEG), polysorbates, tromethamine/trometamol, and others and the possible immunological mechanisms involved. Risk factors for death from invasive pneumococcal disease (IPD) have not been clearly established in patients aged under 65 years. We aimed to evaluate contributions of host and bacterial factors to the risk of death from IPD in patients aged under 65 years in Japan. In this prospective, observational, multicenter cohort study, patients with IPD (n=581) aged 6-64 years were enrolled between 2010 and 2017. We investigated the role of host and bacterial factors in 28-day mortality. The mortality rate increased from 3.4% to 6.2% in patients aged 6-44 years to 15.5%-19.5% in those aged 45-64 years. Multivariable analysis identified the following risk factors for mortality age 45-64 years (hazard ratio [HR], 3.4; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.6-6.8, p=0.001), bacteremia with unknown focus (HR, 2.0; 95% CI, 1.1-3.7, p=0.024), meningitis (HR, 2.1; 95% CI, 1.1-4.0, p=0.019), underlying multiple non-immunocompromising conditions (HR, 2.6; 95% CI, 1.1-7.4, p=0.023), and immunocompromising conditions related to malignancy (HR, 2.4; 95% CI, 1.0-5.2, p=0.039). Pneumococcal serotype was not associated with poor outcomes. Host factors, including age of 45-64 years and underlying multiple non-immunocompromising conditions, are important for the prognosis of IPD. Our results will contribute to the development of targeted pneumococcal vaccination strategies in Japan.Host factors, including age of 45-64 years and underlying multiple non-immunocompromising conditions, are important for the prognosis of IPD. Our results will contribute to the development of targeted pneumococcal vaccination strategies in Japan. "Re-infection" with COVID-19 is a growing concern; re-infection cases have reported worldwide. However, the clinical characteristics of SARS-CoV-2 re-infection, including the levels and role of anti-SARS-CoV-2 Spike protein IgG antibodies and the half-maximal concentration (IC ) of neutralizing antibodies remain unknown. Both the epidemiological and clinical information has been collected during two episodes of COVID-19 in a patient. 3PO Laboratory results, including RT-PCR, Ct values, anti-SARS-CoV-2 Spike protein IgG antibodies, and the IC of neutralizing antibodies levels were analyzed on the patient. The patient was a 58-year-old man who developed moderate COVID-19 pneumonia with oxygen demand (cannula 2L/min) in the first episode. By day 30, he recuperated and was discharged after testing negative for SARS-CoV-2. After two and a half months, his three family members showed COVID-19 symptoms and tested positive for SARS-CoV-2. He tested positive for SARS-CoV-2 once again and was asymptomatic (the secnfection are needed.The celiaco-mesenteric anastomoses occur either directly between the celiac trunk and the superior mesenteric artery (SMA), or between different branches of them. A rarely occurring such anastomosis is the arc of Bühler. A new variant of arc of Bühler was found incidentally during a retrospective study of the computed tomography angiograms of a 62 y.o. male patient. In that case, the arc of Bühler left from the splenic artery and inserted into the inferior pancreaticoduodenal artery (IPDA), proximally to the IPDA division into its anterior and posterior branches. Moreover, that arc of Bühler was giving off a mesenterico-jejunal branch, which descended applied on the anterior side of the SMA. Such anatomic variants could impede on the surgical or interventional procedures in the duodenopancreatic region, or could be physiologically useful to divert the celiac flow towards the mesenteric territory, or vice versa.This year it is 125 years since Henri Becquerel accidentally discovered radioactivity. It has been argued that this was the result after Becquerel's long, systematic research into the phenomenon of luminescence. Becquerel's discovery, together with Marie and Pierre Curie's discovery of radium, became the breakthrough for the 20th century research in medical radiation physics and the use of radioactivity in medicine. In this paper, we draw attention to Becquerel's discovery and the impact it had on medicine and society. Hyperglycaemia is a very common complication in post-cardiac surgical patients, andas such, it must be properly managed. For this purpose, the enhanced Model Predictive Control algorithm for glycaemia control has been implemented into a nurse-led device called Space GlucoseControl (SGC) that aims to achieve a safe and effective blood glucose control in a better way than the traditional "paper-based" protocols. The aim of the study was to know the effectiveness and safety of the SGC in glycaemia control in cardiosurgical adult patients in the immediate postoperative period in the intensive care unit. A prospective before-and-after intervention study was conducted. One hundred sixty cardiosurgical adult patients with hyperglycaemia were selected 80 in the control group from May to November 2018 and 80 in the intervention group (use of the SGC device) from January to December 2019. The primary outcome was the percentage of time within the target range (140-180mg/dL in the control group and 100-160mg/dL in the intervention group).