Despite the high prevalence and significant health consequences of substance use disorders, rates of treatment seeking are low. Identifying as an "addict" caries a mainstream connotation that the individual is blameworthy, which contributes to unique stressors and stigma that shape how they are viewed and treated. While substantial literature demonstrates this stigmatizing perspective may serve as a barrier to treatment-seeking, other studies present discrepant findings. The current study seeks to examine the role of fear of stigma and anticipation of being stigmatized in the relationship between internalized stigma and help-seeking for substance use disorders. We examined substance use-related stigma, fear of stigma, and treatment-seeking behaviors in a national sample of young adults with a history of problematic substance use. Participants (  = 171) completed an online, anonymous survey. When controlling for enacted stigma and severity of alcohol and other drug use problems, more fear of stigma significantly mediated the relationship between higher internalized stigma and more help-seeking intentions. The sequentially mediated paths between internalized stigma and both help-seeking intentions and previous behaviors through fear of stigma and anticipated stigma were not significant. Findings highlight the importance of fear of substance-related stigma as one mechanism by which internalized stigma may motivate individuals to seek treatment for substance use problems.Findings highlight the importance of fear of substance-related stigma as one mechanism by which internalized stigma may motivate individuals to seek treatment for substance use problems. Electronic cigarettes (e-cigarettes) have become increasingly popular in recent years. Existing evidence indicates e-cigarettes used in isolation are less harmful than combustible cigarettes, yet emerging work has demonstrated that adults use e-cigarettes largely in combination with combustible cigarettes (i.e. dual use). Despite this data, little is understood about how exclusive and dual e-cigarette users may differ across behavioral outcomes, such as substance use dependence and behaviors among adults. Thus, the current project examined differences in e-cigarette dependence, problematic alcohol use, cannabis use, and nonmedical prescription opioid use (e.g. methadone and oxycodone) across both exclusive and dual e-cigarette adult users. Participants included 531 (53.6% female; M = 35.29 years, SD = 10.44) adults with past-month e-cigarette use. Dual users reported greater e-cigarette dependence, alcohol use, current cannabis use, and endorsement of nonprescription opioid use. Conclusions/Importance Importantly, this work suggests that adults who use both combustible and e-cigarettes may constitute a group more vulnerable to experiencing problematic substance use and more severe e-cigarette dependence than exclusive e-cigarette users.Participants included 531 (53.6% female; Mage = 35.29 years, SD = 10.44) adults with past-month e-cigarette use. Dual users reported greater e-cigarette dependence, alcohol use, current cannabis use, and endorsement of nonprescription opioid use. Conclusions/Importance Importantly, this work suggests that adults who use both combustible and e-cigarettes may constitute a group more vulnerable to experiencing problematic substance use and more severe e-cigarette dependence than exclusive e-cigarette users.Adaptive memory refers to the memory advantage for information processed in a survival and/or reproduction context while metacognition involves the awareness of what we can later remember. The notion of "responsible remembering" captures how memory functions to prioritise important information that will need to be remembered and how metacognitive processes may be more precise in situations involving consequences for forgetting. In 5 experiments, we examined whether judgments of learning and judgments of importance affect recall selectivity for information with negative consequences if forgotten. We presented participants with lists of children, each with 2 foods they like, 2 foods they dislike, and 2 foods they are allergic to. When making no metacognitive judgments or making JOLs for each food preference, participants best recalled foods the children liked, likely resulting from serial remembering (recalling information according to where it was presented). However, when judging the importance of remembering items, participants were strategic in their memory for the food preferences such that they best recalled information they rated as important to remember (allergies). These results suggest that when forced to consider the importance of remembering, participants engage in responsible remembering by deeming information with consequences for forgetting as most important and subsequently best remembering this information.The Nordic Hamstring Exercise (NHE) effectively strengthens the knee flexors. Typically conducted without assistance, extended knee angles are not reached with sustained muscle activation in the presence of insufficient eccentric strength and/or fatigue. This might impair the desired neuromuscular adaptations and assessment accuracy. This study investigated kinetic and kinematic differences between assisted and unassisted NHEs (3 × 3 repetitions) performed by sixteen male sprinters (22 years, 181 cm, 76 kg). INT-777 mouse Kinetic (peak moment, impulse) and kinematic parameters (e.g., time under tension, range of motion to excessive downward acceleration (ROMDWA) were investigated. All analysed parameters significantly differed between assisted and unassisted NHEs (p ≤ 0.003; 0.635≤ ηp² ≤ 0.929) favouring assisted execution, except for peak moments and maximal hip flexion. Repetition 1 of assisted NHEs revealed 21% higher impulses rising to 82% during repetition 9. Equivalent interactions of mode and repetition became apparent for time under tension, ROMDWA, mean and fractional angular velocity. Unassisted NHEs elicited substantially greater inter-repetition fatigue (rep1 vs. rep9) +79% fractional angular velocity (d = 1.01), -41% impulse (d = 1.53), -31% ROMDWA (d = 0.99) and -29% time under tension (d = 1.45). Assisted NHEs ensured higher execution quality and lower between-participant variability by facilitating a controlled full-ROM movement. Three sets of 3 NHEs sufficed to induce substantial fatigue within and across sets.