Abdominal wall closure after intestinal, multivisceral or liver transplantation can be a major challenge. Different surgical techniques have been described to close complex abdominal wall defects, but results remain variable. Two promising transplant techniques have been developed using either non-vascularized or vascularized donor rectus fascia. This systematic review aimed to evaluate the feasibility, safety, and effectiveness of the two techniques. A systematic review was performed in accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. Human studies published between January 2000 and April 2020 were included. Methodological quality appraisal was done using an adapted 10-item standardized checklist. The search resulted in 9 articles including 74 patients. Both techniques proved to be feasible and had similar results. After non-vascularized rectus fascia allotransplantation, there was a slightly higher rate of surgical site infections in the earlicessary for a thorough investigation of the mechanisms of graft integration, the risk of hernia development and the alloimmune response against the graft.We outline a novel approach for the plasmonic detection of β-glucuronidase activity by modulating the silver mirror reaction at the nanoscale on gold nanostars. β-glucuronidase catalyzes the hydrolysis of a non-reducing substrate to generate reducing products that trigger the silver mirror reaction on gold nanostars to alter their surface plasmon resonance. By modulating the silver deposition on gold nanostars, the unique plasmonic property of silver-coated gold nanostars enables a significant change in the surface plasmon resonance that allows for a plasmonic readout for detecting the enzymatic activity. This plasmonic nanosensor enables a detection of the β-glucuronidase activity as low as 0.1 U/L, showing great promise as a plasmonic approach for enzyme detection.We demonstrate highly sensitive fluorescence (FL) biosensors made of plasmon-photon-hybrid high-emittance metasurfaces, which are hybrid structures composed of perforated silicon waveguides and stacked complementary (SC) gold nanostructures. The SC metasurfaces are applicable to a wide range of targets from antibodies to nucleic acids. As a test bed, a representative antibody of immunoglobulin G is immobilized on the metasurfaces through microfluidic paths and then is directly detected in a scaled manner even at a very low concentration of 5 pg mL-1, i.e., 34 fM. Moreover, a cancer marker of p53 antibody is indirectly detected on the SC metasurfaces at a low concentration of 50 pg mL-1, which is significantly lower than the medical diagnosis criterion of a few ng mL-1. Furthermore, single-strand DNAs that are oligonucleotides and complementary to SARS-CoV-2 RNA are detected with 1 h immobilization time in the range of fmol mL-1 in a scaled manner. These experimental results indicate that the present FL metasurface sensors function efficiently as biosensors for a wide range of biomarkers. Research on the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on behaviors of children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is lacking. This study investigates the relationship between COVID-19 and behaviors of children with ASD living in the United States. Parents and caregivers (n = 200) across the United States, as proxies for children 2-17 years of age with ASD, participated in an online survey querying changes in overall behavior and 15 specific behaviors during the COVID-19 pandemic. Logistic regression was used to assess the association of a moderate-to-large impact on the child's overall behavior with household income level and food security status. A majority of respondents reported a moderate-to-large impact on the child's overall behavior (74 %) due to COVID-19. Several specific behaviors were also affected. see more Stratifying by income level and food security status revealed disparities in the impact on overall behavior and most specific behaviors. Compared to a household income ≥$100 K, an income <$50 K was associated with an increased risk of moderate-to-large impact on the child's overall behavior (odds ratio (OR) 4.07, 95 % CI 1.60, 10.38). Food insecurity also significantly impacted this risk, even after adjusting for potential confounding factors (OR 3.31, 95 % CI 1.13, 9.66). Our findings show a large proportion of caregivers reporting moderate-to-large changes post-COVID-19 in the behaviors of U.S. children with ASD, particularly in families with low income and/or food insecurity. This study highlights the effects of existing disparities on children with ASD and their families during this unprecedented time.Our findings show a large proportion of caregivers reporting moderate-to-large changes post-COVID-19 in the behaviors of U.S. children with ASD, particularly in families with low income and/or food insecurity. This study highlights the effects of existing disparities on children with ASD and their families during this unprecedented time.Sulfur metabolism and sulfur-containing metabolites play an important role in the human digestive system, and sulfur compounds and pathways are associated with inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD). In fact, cysteine metabolism results in the production of taurine and sulfate, and gut microbes catabolize them into hydrogen sulfide, a signaling molecule with various biological functions. Besides metabolites originating from sulfur metabolism, several other sulfur-containing metabolites of different classes were detected in human feces, consisting of non-volatile and volatile compounds. Sulfated steroids and bile acids such as taurine-conjugated bile acids are the major classes along with sulfur amino acids and sulfur-containing peptides. Indeed, sulfur-containing metabolites were described in stool samples from healthy subjects, patients suffering from colorectal cancer or IBD. In metabolomics-driven studies, around 50 known sulfur-containing metabolites were linked to IBD. Taurine, taurocholic acid, taurochenodeoxycholic acid, methionine, methanethiol and hydrogen sulfide were regularly reported in IBD studies, and most of them were elevated in stool samples from IBD patients. We summarized from this review that there is strong interplay between perturbed gut microbiota in IBD, and the consistently higher abundance of sulfur-containing metabolites, which potentially represent substrates for sulfidogenic bacteria such as Bilophila or Escherichia and promote their growth. These bacteria might shift their metabolism towards the degradation of taurine and cysteine and therefore to a higher hydrogen sulfide production.