g neurobiological and clinical differences between these subtypes may facilitate treatment matching and precision medicine for AUD.This paper reports the validation of an assay for obtusifolin based on liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) and its application to a preclinical pharmacokinetic study in rats. After sample preparation of plasma and tissue homogenates by protein precipitation, the analyte and internal standard (IS) were separated by a reversed-phase chromatographic system in a run time of 5.0 min and detected by negative ion electrospray ionization followed by selected reaction monitoring of the precursor-to-product ion transitions at m/z 283.0-268.1 for obtusifolin and m/z 329.0-314.1 for IS. The assay was linear in the concentration range 1.0-500 ng/ml with the LLOQ of 1.0 ng/ml. In the pharmacokinetic study of an intragastric administration of 1.3 mg/kg obtusifolin, the maximum plasma concentration of obtusifolin was 152.5 ± 62.3 ng/ml, reached at 0.39 ± 0.17 h. The AUC0-t and AUC0-∞ were 491.8 ± 256.7 and 501.7 ± 256.7 ng × h/ml, respectively, with an elimination half-life of 3.1 ± 0.7 h. Obtusifolin was rapidly distributed into tissues, with the highest distribution in the liver and less in the brain. These results will give some insights for further pharmacological investigation of obtusifolin.Due to the COVID-19 pandemic's consequences and the state of alarm, literature has shown that people worldwide have experienced severe stressors that have been associated with increased prevalence of emotional distress. In this study, we explored psychological distress (depression, anxiety, and somatization symptoms) using an online survey platform in a sample of 1,781 Spanish adults during the confinement due to COVID-19, relationships between distress and sleep problems, affect, pain, sleep, emotional regulation, gender, type of housing, history of psychopathology, and living alone during the confinement, and differences depending on demographic and psychological variables. Results showed that between 25% and 39% of the sample referred to clinically significant levels of distress. In addition, women showed higher levels of distress, negative affect, perception of pain, and cognitive reappraisal and lower levels of emotional suppression and sleep quality than men. A history of psychopathology, being younger, living alone or in a flat was associated with higher distress. Finally, the variables most strongly related to distress were negative and positive affect, levels of pain, sleep quality, and emotional suppression. Our results highlight the important role of emotional suppression, cognitive reappraisal, and loneliness and the impact of being a woman and younger in Spain during the COVID-19 pandemic. Therefore, it would be necessary to provide assessments of distress levels in these population groups and focus psychological preventive and therapeutic online interventions on expressing emotions and preventing loneliness.Membrane lipid remodeling in plants and microalgae has a crucial role in their survival under nutrient-deficient conditions. Aquatic microalgae have low access to CO2 , an essential carbon source for photosynthetic assimilates; however, 70-90 mol% of their membrane lipids are sugar-derived lipids (glycolipids) such as monogalactosyldiacylglycerol (MGDG). In this study, we discovered a new system of membrane lipid remodeling responding to CO2 in Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803, a unicellular, freshwater cyanobacterium. As compared with higher CO2 (HC; 1% CO2 ), under ambient air (lower CO2 LC), phosphatidylglycerol (PG) content was increased at the expense of MGDG content. To explore the biological significance of this alteration in content, we generated a transformant of Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803 overexpressing sll0545 gene encoding a putative phosphatidic acid phosphate (oxPAP), which produces diacylglycerol that is used for the synthesis of glycolipids, and examined the effect on membrane lipid remodeling and phototrophic growth responding to LC. Photosystem II (PSII) activity and growth rate were inhibited under LC in oxPAP cells. PG content was substantially reduced, and MGDG and sulfoquinovosyldiacylglycerol contents were increased in oxPAP cells as compared with control cells. These phenotypes in oxPAP cells were recovered under the HC condition or PG supplementation. Increased PG content may be required for proper functioning of PSII under LC conditions. There is a relative lack of information about infections occurring in children following allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplants (allo-HSCT) in developing countries. Herein, we describe the incidence rates of different infections according to the transplant period and baseline condition in Colombia. In a retrospective cohort study of all children who underwent allo-HSCTs from 2012 to 2017 in a hospital in Cali, Colombia, we reviewed medical records from the first post-transplant day until day+365 to describe microbiologically confirmed incidence rates of infections and deaths during three post-transplant periods and according to baseline condition. Most allo-HSCT (n=144, 96%) were followed by infections over the following year, mostly due to bacteria and cytomegalovirus (4.3 and 3.3 per 1000 patient-days, respectively). Children were at the highest risk for infection in the first 30days post-HSTC, but mortality was highest after 100days. Overall, high mortality (n=44, 31.7%) was associated with infections, especially from extensively drug-resistant bacteria, adenovirus, and aspergillosis. Infection rates were similar independent of the baseline condition. Almost all children in this cohort developed infections post allo-HSCT. click here Describing the distribution of infections throughout the first post allo-HSCT year allows clinicians to narrow the differential diagnosis of infections according to the post-transplant period. This is especially useful when prioritizing interventions in children receiving HSCT in stringent healthcare systems in developing countries.Almost all children in this cohort developed infections post allo-HSCT. Describing the distribution of infections throughout the first post allo-HSCT year allows clinicians to narrow the differential diagnosis of infections according to the post-transplant period. This is especially useful when prioritizing interventions in children receiving HSCT in stringent healthcare systems in developing countries.