The activity of mitochondrial complex I, complex II, malate dehydrogenase were significantly reduced and mitochondrial membrane potential was increased. Mito-TEMPO effectively scavenged NDEA-induced ROS generation and reduced LPO formation. A significant improvement was also observed in the activity of mitochondrial complex I, complex II, malate dehydrogenase and normalisation of mitochondrial membrane potential. Results suggested that mito-TEMPO had significant impact on the initiation phase of hepatocarcinogensis which could be one of the reason for its reported chemopreventive effect. Clinically significant outcome (CSO) benchmarks have been previously established for outcome assessment after total shoulder arthroplasty. SHR3162 However, the time required to achieve CSO improvement is not well understood. The purpose of this study was to (1) determine the time-dependent achievement of the minimal clinically important difference (MCID), substantial clinical benefit (SCB), and patient acceptable symptom state (PASS) in patients undergoing either anatomic total shoulder (TSA) or reverse total shoulder arthroplasty (RTSA) and compare the results of the 2 populations and (2) identify variables associated with earlier or delayed achievement of each CSO. A prospectively maintained institutional registry was retrospectively queried for all patients receiving a primary TSA or RTSA between September 2, 2016-October 31, 2017. The American Shoulder and Elbow Surgeons Standardized Shoulder Assessment Form (ASES) was administered to all patients preoperatively and at standardized postoperative time periods d for the entire 2-year duration of study follow-up. Although coracoid transfers including the modified Bristow and Latarjet procedures are widely used to treat anterior shoulder instability, the influence of the choice of procedure on the biomechanical outcomes is not well characterized. We aimed to clarify the intra-articular stress distribution following these 2 procedures using 3-dimensional finite-element analysis and to investigate the role of stress distribution in the pathophysiology of postoperative complications. Overall, 6 male patients aged 17-47 years with unilateral anterior shoulder instability were recruited. Computed tomographic digital imaging and communications in medicine (CT-DICOM) data of the contralateral (healthy) shoulder of each patient was obtained and used for developing the 3-dimensional normal glenohumeral joint model. A 25% bony defect was created in the anterior glenoid rim where the coracoid process was transferred in the standing and lying-down positions to create the Bristow and Latarjet models, respectively. The arm positrocedure. Surgeons should be aware of the risk of breakage of the inserted screw following the modified Bristow procedure. Distal humeral fractures are relatively rare injuries in adults. Fractures that involve the articular surface can be particularly challenging to treat. Open reduction-internal fixation (ORIF) remains the preferred treatment for most intra-articular distal humeral fractures, depending on the degree of comminution and functional demands of the patient. Many surgical approaches, fixation techniques, and potential complications have been described in the literature; however, the relative incidence and associated characteristics of these complications have not been studied. The purpose of this study was to identify the prevalence of complications and reoperations after ORIF for intra-articular distal humeral fractures. We sought to provide practical guidance to surgeons and offer insights on the avoidance and prognosis of complications through a systematic review of the published literature over the past 20 years. We performed a systematic review and meta-analysis of studies reporting complications and reoperaation rate with parallel plating than with perpendicular plating. Perpendicular plating for intra-articular distal humeral fractures may be considered if adequate fixation and biomechanical stability can be achieved. It is common practice to order an immediate postoperative radiograph in the postanesthesia care unit (PACU) following reverse shoulder arthroplasty (RSA). However, with a growing emphasis on value-based care and cost-effectiveness, we question the necessity for immediate postoperative radiographs following uncomplicated, primary RSA. From 2014-2020, patients undergoing primary RSA at a single institution by one of 3 surgeons were included in this cohort. Radiographs from the PACU and any clinic visit during the initial 3-month postoperative period were reviewed to determine if any radiographic findings from the PACU altered clinical care or decision making. A total of 157 patients were included in this study and 13 patients had abnormal findings during the initial 3-month postoperative period where the immediate postoperative radiograph provided clinical utility for decision making. In 9 of the 12 patients requiring revision surgery, the postoperative complication was instability. In those patients requostoperative radiograph in the PACU when indications include osteoarthritis or rotator cuff tear arthropathy. At the time of revision shoulder arthroplasty, it is common practice to take cultures to evaluate for prosthetic joint infection even when an alternative cause of failure has been identified. Although isolation of fungal or acid-fast organisms is rare, it remains common practice to send all specimens for aerobic, anaerobic, and atypical (fungal and acid-fast) cultures. We hypothesize that the rate of positive atypical cultures at the time of revision shoulder arthroplasty is very low and routine use imposes a considerable financial burden on the health care system. A retrospective review of all revision shoulder arthroplasties performed between January 1, 2010, and December 31, 2019, at our institution was performed. Patients with a hemiarthroplasty, total shoulder arthroplasty, reverse shoulder arthroplasty, or pre-existing antibiotic spacer who underwent revision to hemiarthroplasty, total shoulder arthroplasty, reverse shoulder arthroplasty, antibiotic spacer, or resection arthroplasty were included. Electronic patient charts were reviewed to gather patient, surgical, and culture data.