ential of HPMC-based SDs to simultaneously overcome the poor dissolution and tabletability properties of this drug. The global incidence of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) has enthused the development of new antidiabetic targets with low toxicity and long-term stability. In this respect, free fatty acid receptor 1 (FFAR1), which is also recognized as a G protein-coupled receptor 40 (GPR40), is a novel target for the treatment of T2DM. FFAR1/GPR40 has a high level of expression in β-cells of the pancreas, and the requirement of glucose for stimulating insulin release results in immense stimulation to utilise this target in the medication of T2DM. The data used for this review is based on the search of several scienctific databases as well as various patent databases. The main search terms used were free fatty acid receptor 1, FFAR1, FFAR1 agonists, diabetes mellitus, G protein-coupled receptor 40 (GPR40), GPR40 agonists, GPR40 ligands, type 2 diabetes mellitus and T2DM. The present review article gives a brief overview of FFAR1, its role in T2DM, recent developments in small molecule FFAR1 (GPR40) agonists reported tistudies due to "hepatotoxicity." Currently, PBI-4050 is under clinical investigation by Prometic. Further investigation of pharmacophore scaffolds for FFAR1 full agonists as well as multitargeted modulators and corresponding clinical investigations will be anticipated, which can open up new directions in this area.Acinetobacter baumannii is a Gram-negative, aerobic, non-motile, and pleomorphic bacillus. A. baumanii is also a highly-infectious pathogen causing high mortality and morbidity rates in intensive care units. The discovery of novel agents against A. baumanii infections is urgently needed due to the emergence of drug-resistant A. baumannii strains and the limited number of efficacious antibiotics available for treatment. In addition to the production of several virulence factors, A. baumannii forms biofilms on the host cell surface as well. Formation of biofilms occurs through initial surface attachment, microcolony formation, biofilm maturation, and detachment stages, and is one of the major drug resistance mechanisms employed by A. baumanii. Several studies have previously reported the efficacy of naturally-derived and synthetic compounds as anti-biofilm and anti-virulence agents against A. baumannii. Here, inhibition of biofilm formation and virulence factors of A. baumannii using naturally-derived and synthetic compounds are reviewed. Perimenopause is a physiological occurrence in women, and is characterized by endocrine and biochemical changes. During perimenopause phase, many derangements or abnormal health conditions start developing as a result of hormonal changes. These derangements in health conditions and biochemical changes lead to higher incidence of metabolic syndrome (MetS) occurrence with or without bone involvement. There is scarcity of information on MetS in Enugu, Southern Nigeria and there is no available data on the correlation of selected bone-related biochemicals with endocrine parameters and MetS in perimenopausal women from the region. We consecutively sampled 200 apparently healthy women, and categorized them into 120 perimenopausal women (age (x ̅)= 50years) and a second group of 80 women in premenopause (age (x ̅)= 35years). Measurement of anthropometric indices like blood pressure, height, weight and waist circumference were taken. Fasting blood samples were collected for the estimation of endocrine parameters re at higher risk for developing osteoporosis than premenopausal women. This emphasizes the need for timely diagnosis of osteoporosis in perimenopausal women.Perimenopausal women are at higher risk for developing osteoporosis than premenopausal women. This emphasizes the need for timely diagnosis of osteoporosis in perimenopausal women.Aims & Objective Dendrobine is a major alkaloid present mainly in dendrobium nobile Lindl. It has been reported to have analgesic, antipyretic, lower heart rate and blood pressure and other pharmacologic activities. Despite its critical pharmacological function, its metabolite profiling is still unclear. In this study, the in vivo metabolite profiling of dendrobine in rats was investigated using ultra-performance liquid chromatography coupled with quadrupole time-of-flight tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC/Q-TOF-MS). learn more The metabolites were predicted using MetabolitePilotTM software with mass defect filter (MDF) technique. These predicted metabolites were further analyzed by MS2 spectra, and compared with the detailed fragmentation pathway of the dendrobine standard and literature data. total of 59 metabolites were identified for the first time in rat plasma and urine after oral administration of dendrobine. Demethylated, dehydrogenated, hydroxylated, ketonizated and glucuronide were the major metabolic pathways. This research provides scientific and reliable support for full understanding of the metabolic fate of dendrobine in vivo.This research provides scientific and reliable support for full understanding of the metabolic fate of dendrobine in vivo.Combination therapy involving different therapeutic strategies mostly provides more rapid and effective results as compared to monotherapy in diverse areas of clinical practice. The most worldwide famous acetylcholinesterase inhibitor (AChEIs) donepezil for its dominant role in Alzheimer's disease (AD) has also attracted the attention of many pharmaceuticals due to its promising pharmacological potencies such as neuroprotective, muscle relaxant, and sleep inducer. Recently, a combination of donepezil with other agents has displayed better desirable results in managing several disorders, including the most common Alzheimer's disease (AD). This study involves all the data regarding the therapeutic effect of donepezil in its combination with other agents and explains its therapeutic targets and mode of action. Furthermore, this review also puts light on the current status of donepezil with other agents in clinical trials. The combination therapy of donepezil with symptomatic relief drugs and disease-modifying agents opens a new road for treating multiple pathological disorders.