Direct-acting antiviral (DAA) therapy for hepatitis C (HCV) has encouraged lung transplantation with HCV+ donors. Early trials have been promising(1, 2), however nationwide data has not been previously examined. The United Network for Organ Sharing registry was queried for adult patients receiving lung transplants from 2016-2019. We excluded multiorgan transplants, incomplete data, and loss to follow-up. Nucleic acid testing (NAT) determined HCV status. Propensity matching was performed for comparison of outcomes. HCV NAT+ lungs were transplanted in 189 patients, compared to 9511 recipients of NAT- lungs. HCV NAT+ donors were younger (mean 33 vs 35 years, p=0.017) with higher rates of PaO2/FiO2 >300 (83.6% vs 76.5%, p=0.029). Recipients of NAT+ lungs had lower lung allocation scores (mean 39.3 vs 42.4; p=0.009). Distance traveled was significantly further for HCV viremic donor lungs (mean 416 vs 206 miles, p<0.001). Kaplan Meier survival analysis demonstrated no difference in survival (p=0.56). There were no differences in airway dehiscence (p-0.629), acute rejection (p>0.999) or reintubation (p=0.304). At mean follow-up of 395 days, 63 recipients of NAT+ lungs (40.0%) seroconverted, 14 with viremia. check details 1-year mortality rates among seroconverted patients was 6.0% and did not differ significantly from 14.0% in non-seroconverted patients or 13.2% in recipients of HCV-negative lungs. Short-term outcomes of lung transplantation from HCV viremic donors are promising, with no difference in early complications or survival. The effects of seroconversion and long-term outcomes including chronic rejection and infection need to be further explored.Short-term outcomes of lung transplantation from HCV viremic donors are promising, with no difference in early complications or survival. The effects of seroconversion and long-term outcomes including chronic rejection and infection need to be further explored. Central venous catheter (CVC) related venous thrombosis (VT) following pediatric cardiac surgery increases the morbidity and mortality. Although VT prevention using low dose anticoagulation has proven ineffective, anticoagulation using high dose enoxaparin to achieve a therapeutic anti-xa level has not been studied. We hypothesized that high dose enoxaparin would reduce VT after pediatric cardiac surgery. Enoxaparin was administered to infants < 150 days when post-operative CVC duration was anticipated to extend beyond 5 days. The primary outcome was the rate of VT, re-exploration for bleeding, and post-operative red blood cell (RBC) transfusions per 1,000 CVC days. From 2012-2019, 157 infants were treated with enoxaparin. Infants were divided into two groups 1) SubTherapeutic (SubTher) (N = 51) - therapeutic anti-xa level (0.5-1.0 IU/mL) was not achieved, 2) Therapeutic (Ther) (N = 106) - therapeutic anti-xa level was achieved. Baseline demographics demonstrated a lower age at operation within the Ther group. The SubTher group had a higher VT rate/1,000 CVC days (8.2) compared to the Ther group (2.6; p=0.005). Re-exploration for bleeding was similar between groups. The number of post-operative RBC transfusions/1,000 CVC days was significantly greater in the SubTher group (109.4 vs. 81.6; p=0.008). Multivariate analysis demonstrated that higher median anti-xa levels reduced the risk of VT (OR 0.02, CI 0.001, 0.63; p = 0.02). This data suggests that enoxaparin treatment resulting in a therapeutic anti-xa level reduces post-operative CVC associated VT without increasing bleeding complications.This data suggests that enoxaparin treatment resulting in a therapeutic anti-xa level reduces post-operative CVC associated VT without increasing bleeding complications. The appropriate surgical approach of VATS for early-stage thymoma remains unclear. The present study aimed to explore the safety and feasibility of subxiphoid and subcostal arch thoracoscopic thymectomy in comparison with unilateral thoracoscopic thymectomy for treatment of early-stage thymoma. The outcomes of 237 patients without myasthenia gravis who had undergone thoracoscopic thymectomy for Masaoka stage I and II thymoma from January 2015 to May 2019 at our center were retrospectively evaluated (subxiphoid and subcostal arch approach 39; unilateral VATS approach 198). A propensity score-matching analysis was generated to control for selection bias due to nonrandom group assignment in a 11 manner. There was no surgery-related mortality in included patients. Matching of patients according to propensity score resulted in a cohort that consisted of 39 patients in both groups. Patients had similar clinical characteristics in both groups. Compared with those in the unilateral group, patients in the subxiphoid group yielded lower pain scores at 24- and 72-hours post-operation, respectively (P<0.01). In addition, the operation time was longer in the subxiphoid group (147.5±43.6min vs. 93.2±33.8min, p<0.01). There were no significant differences in blood loss, total volume and time of drainage, complications or postoperative hospital stays between the two groups. Subxiphoid and subcostal arch thoracoscopic thymectomy for early-stage thymoma appears to be a safe and feasible procedure. It is considered to be less invasive as it may cause minimal postoperative pain compared to the unilateral VATS approach.Subxiphoid and subcostal arch thoracoscopic thymectomy for early-stage thymoma appears to be a safe and feasible procedure. It is considered to be less invasive as it may cause minimal postoperative pain compared to the unilateral VATS approach. An association between race and formation of chalazion has yet to be objectively established. This study investigates race as a risk factor for chalazion and chalazion surgery. Understanding racial risk factors in formation of chalazion, recurrent chalazion, and chalazion requiring surgery (often with general anesthesia in children) informs decisions regarding eyelid hygiene, early topical medical therapy, and aggressiveness with oral antibiotic therapy for coexisting conditions such as blepharitis. Demographic data was collected for all pediatric visits to the [redacted for review] ophthalmology department from 2012-2019. Retrospective chart review was performed for the subset with chalazion. Of 28 433 minors, 584 had 1088 chalazia, a 2% overall rate. Chalazion was seen in 1.8% of non-Hispanic/Latino participants and 3.8% of Hispanic/Latino participants (p value <0.0001). Chalazion was seen in 1.7% of white participants, compared to 4.3% of American Indian or Alaska Native participants (p value <0.