X-ray computed tomography is a powerful tool to nondestructively inspect additively manufactured parts. Additive manufacturing of metals, especially laser powder bed fusion, is increasingly being adopted for serial production of critical components in aerospace, automotive and various other industries. The technology holds huge potential for more efficient material usage and light weighting of components, among the many advantages. As this new production method is being ramped up and refined in various industry sectors, X-ray tomography is critical to the advancement of the quality of the produced components. X-ray tomography allows the nondestructive evaluation of the structural integrity of the parts produced, which in turn provides confidence in the expected performance of the parts. Besides final inspection of parts for porosity/defects and dimensional tolerances for a pass/fail decision, X-ray tomography also has a critical role to play in advancing and improving the additive manufacturing processes. This process improvement refers to the inspection of small representative coupon samples on a microscopic scale, in order to optimize the process parameters such as laser power, speed, scan strategy and various others. In this work, we describe the evaluation of small solid cube coupon samples and lattice structure coupon samples. These examples are meant to improve the understanding of the potential of X-ray tomography in advancing additive manufacturing processes (in contrast to its usual use for nondestructive testing of final parts), thereby providing support towards qualification of these processes and the parts produced in these processes. X-ray tomography, therefore, plays a key role in the adoption and qualification of high-quality metal additive manufacturing.Background Anorexia nervosa (AN) and autism spectrum disorder (ASD) may be phenotypically and etiologically linked. However, due to the absence of prospective studies, it remains unclear whether the elevation of autistic traits in AN is evident in early childhood. Here, we prospectively investigated autistic traits before and after the first diagnosis of AN. Methods In a population-based sample of 5,987 individuals (52.4% female) from the Child and Adolescent Twin Study in Sweden, parents reported autistic traits at ages 9 and 18. AN and ASD diagnoses were retrieved from the Swedish National Patient Register. In addition, AN diagnoses were ascertained by parent-reported treatment for AN. We compared whether individuals with and without AN differed in autistic traits before the first diagnosis of AN (age 9) and after the first diagnosis of AN (age 18). Results We did not find evidence for elevated autistic traits in 9-year-old children later diagnosed with AN. At age 18, however, there was a marked elevation in restricted/repetitive behavior and interests, but only in the subgroup of individuals with acute AN. A less pronounced elevation was observed for social communication problems. Conclusions Coping strategies in individuals with ASD and the somewhat different female ASD phenotype may explain why we did not find elevated autistic traits in children who later developed AN. Alternatively, it is possible that elevated autistic traits were not present prior to the onset of AN, thus questioning the previously reported elevated prevalence of ASD in AN. Future studies should use tailored measurements in order to investigate whether autistic traits in individuals with AN are best conceptualized as an epiphenomenon of the acute AN phase or whether these symptoms indeed represent ASD as a clinically verifiable neurodevelopmental disorder.It is well-known that the interplay between molecules and active sites on the topmost surface of solid catalyst determines its activity in heterogeneous catalysis. The electron density of active site is believed to affect both adsorption and activation of reactant molecules at surface. Unfortunately, commercial X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) often adopted for such characterization is not sensitive enough to catalyst' topmost surface. In our opinion, most researchers fail to acknowledge this point during their catalytic correlation, leading to different interpretations found in literatures over the past decades. Recent studies on pristine Cu2O (Nat. Catal. 2019, 2, 889; Nat. https://www.selleckchem.com/products/sodium-l-ascorbyl-2-phosphate.html Energy 2019, 4, 957) have clearly suggested that the electron density of surface Cu is facet dependent and plays a key role in CO2 reduction. Herein, we show that pristine CeO2 can reach 2506%/1133% increase in phosphatase-/peroxidase-like activity once the exposed surface is wisely selected. Using nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) with surface probe, the electron density of surface Ce (i.e. the active site) is found facet-dependent and the key factor dictating their enzyme mimicking activities. Most importantly, the surface area of those CeO2 morphologies was demonstrated to become a factor only when their surface Ce can activate the adsorbed reactant molecules.Variations in crown forms promote canopy space-use and productivity in mixed-species forests. However, we have a limited understanding on how this response is mediated by changes in within-tree biomass allocation. Here, we explored the role of changes in tree allometry, biomass allocation and architecture in shaping diversity-productivity relationships in the oldest tropical tree diversity experiment. We conducted whole-tree destructive biomass measurements and terrestrial laser scanning. Spatially explicit models were built at the tree level to investigate the effects of tree size and local neighbourhood conditions. Results were then upscaled to the stand level, and mixture effects were explored using a bootstrapping procedure. Biomass allocation and architecture substantially changed in mixtures, which resulted from both tree-size effects and neighbourhood-mediated plasticity. Shifts in biomass allocation among branch orders explained substantial shares of the observed overyielding. Contrastingly, root-to-shoot ratios, as well as the allometric relationships between tree basal area and above-ground biomass, were little affected by the local neighbourhood. Our results suggest that generic allometric equations can be used to estimate forest above-ground biomass overyielding from diameter inventory data. Overall, we demonstrate that shifts in tree biomass allocation are mediated by the local neighbourhood and promote diversity-productivity relationships in tropical forests.