Surrogate decision making for patients in the intensive care unit (ICU) can have negative physical and emotional health consequences for the decision-maker. Improving confidence and self-efficacy may reduce these consequences, but a valid instrument is necessary for reliable measurement. Using a cross-sectional design, the current study aimed to translate the Surrogate Decision-Making Self-Efficacy Scale (SDM-SES) into Chinese and evaluate its psychometric properties for surrogate decision-makers (SDMs) of patients in the ICU. The English version of the SDM-SES was translated into Chinese according to Brislin's translation guidelines and tested in 107 Chinese SDMs of patients in the ICU. Cronbach's alpha coefficient was 0.86, and a confirmatory factor analysis yielded acceptably high goodness-of-fit. Scores of the Chinese version of the SDM-SES were positively correlated with General Self-Efficacy Scale scores and 10-item Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale scores. This study indicates that the Chinese version of the SDM-SES has sufficient psychometric properties for assessing self-efficacy of SDMs for patients in the ICU. [Research in Gerontological Nursing, 14(1), 17-23.].Assisted living (AL) is a well-established alternative to nursing homes, promoting autonomy and choice in a residential environment. This article examines the opportunities that AL affords for older adults and areas for further research to optimize the fit between resident needs and the AL environment. The model of person-environment fit provides an organizing framework for our commentary. The environment of AL emphasizes choice, independence, and privacy. The acuity of health care needs in AL residents has evolved since its inception. Unlike earlier residents, many today live with multiple chronic conditions and need for functional supports. Regulated by states, there is high variability in oversight, staffing, and resources available in AL. Families play an important role in supporting residents, yet expectations for their engagement may not be clear. Descriptive research abounds but there is a need for more sophisticated approaches to understanding how the AL environment can provide optimal supports for older adults, across all states and across income and racial/ethnic groups. There are several methodological challenges to AL research, including the high variability among AL settings and across states, the lack of common data elements, and difficulty accessing representative samples. With the popularity of AL as an option, it will be important to continue to examine how this environment can evolve to meet the changing needs of the resident population, while balancing the elements of autonomy and affordability. [Research in Gerontological Nursing, 14(1), 5-12.]. Tobacco use is the leading preventable cause of disease, disability, and death in the US. In 2014, it was estimated that 480 000 deaths annually are attributed to cigarette smoking, including second hand smoke exposure. Smoking during pregnancy can increase the risk of numerous adverse pregnancy outcomes (eg, miscarriage and congenital anomalies) and complications in the offspring (including sudden infant death syndrome and impaired lung function in childhood). In 2019, an estimated 50.6 million US adults (20.8% of the adult population) used tobacco; 14.0% of the US adult population currently smoked cigarettes and 4.5% of the adult population used electronic cigarettes (e-cigarettes). Among pregnant US women who gave birth in 2016, 7.2% reported smoking cigarettes while pregnant. To update its 2015 recommendation, the USPSTF commissioned a review to evaluate the benefits and harms of primary care interventions on tobacco use cessation in adults, including pregnant persons. This recommendation statement t patients who use tobacco to other tobacco cessation interventions with proven effectiveness and established safety. (I statement). It has been estimated that in 2018 nearly 20% of adults in the US were currently using a tobacco product. To systematically review the effectiveness and safety of pharmacotherapy, behavioral interventions, and electronic cigarettes for tobacco cessation among adults, including pregnant persons, to inform the US Preventive Services Task Force. PubMed, PsycInfo, Database of Abstracts of Reviews of Effects, Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, Centre for Reviews and Dissemination of Health Technology Assessment; surveillance through September 25, 2020. Systematic reviews of tobacco cessation interventions and randomized clinical trials that evaluated the effects of electronic cigarettes (e-cigarettes) or pharmacotherapy among pregnant persons. Independent critical appraisal and data abstraction; qualitative synthesis and random-effects meta-analyses. Health outcomes, tobacco cessation at 6 months or more, and adverse events. Sixty-seven reviews addressing pharmacotherapy and behavioral interventhe use of pharmacotherapy for smoking cessation. Palbociclib chemical structure Data on the effectiveness and safety of electronic cigarettes for smoking cessation among adults are also limited and results are inconsistent. It is unknown whether angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEIs) or angiotensin II receptor blockers (ARBs) have a positive, neutral, or negative effect on clinical outcomes in patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). To determine whether discontinuation compared with continuation of ACEIs or ARBs changed the number of days alive and out of the hospital through 30 days. A randomized clinical trial of 659 patients hospitalized in Brazil with mild to moderate COVID-19 who were taking ACEIs or ARBs prior to hospitalization (enrolled April 9-June 26, 2020; final follow-up July 26, 2020). Discontinuation (n = 334) or continuation (n = 325) of ACEIs or ARBs. The primary outcome was the number of days alive and out of the hospital through 30 days. Secondary outcomes included death, cardiovascular death, and COVID-19 progression. Among 659 patients, the median age was 55.1 years (interquartile range [IQR], 46.1-65.0 years), 14.7% were aged 70 years or older, 40.4% were women, and 100% completed the trial.