tal body adiposity may contribute to altered metabolic profile among lean-Turner patients.Diabetes care at school has recently been placed on the agenda of international diabetes organizations, the basic principles of which have been newly determined. The aim of this review is to summarize the activities and outputs of the Diabetes at School Program (a program that has been delivered in Turkey for the last 10 years) and to focus on different aspects of Diabetes Care at School through a national model. Recently, a detailed set of national regulations, including the basic principles proposed by the International Society for Pediatric and Adolescent Diabetes and the experiences in Turkey, was prepared and has come into force. The future agenda includes giving priority to socio-economically disadvantaged regions, provision of an Individual Treatment Plan at School for each child with diabetes and ensuring that each school has an action plan for the care of children with diabetes. We believe that if all countries have programs and structured national regulations like the Diabetes at School Program, this will enable significant progress in the level of care delivered to children with diabetes. To evaluate the clinical features and etiology of precocious puberty in Chinese boys. In this study, data from boys who were referred for the evaluation of precocious puberty from 2015 to 2020 at a tertiary hospital in Northern China were retrospectively analyzed. Eighty-two boys were diagnosed with precocious puberty (PP) from 2015 to 2020. Sixty-two patients (75.6%) were diagnosed with central precocious puberty (CPP), and twenty patients (24.4%) were diagnosed with peripheral PP (PPP). In the CPP group, forty-nine cases were classified as idiopathic CPP (ICPP), and thirteen patients had pathogenic CPP. The top three causes of PPP were congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH), germ cell tumors (GCTs) secreting human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) and familial male-limited precocious puberty (FMPP). The etiology of precocious puberty in males is diverse. The majority of CPP cases in Chinese boys are idiopathic rather than organic.The etiology of precocious puberty in males is diverse. The majority of CPP cases in Chinese boys are idiopathic rather than organic. Late neonatal hypocalcemia (LNH) is a common metabolic problem associated with hypoparathyroidism, high phosphate intake and vitamin D deficiency (VDD), often presenting with seizures. In this cross-sectional study, we aimed to evaluate the role of VDD in LNH in Turkey and to describe the characteristics of affected newborns. Conducted in a cross-sectional design with the participation of 61 neonatal centers from December 2015 to December 2016, the study included term neonates with LNH (n=96) and their mothers (n=93). Data were registered to the FAVOR Web Registry System. Serum samples of the newborns and mothers were analyzed for calcium, phosphate, magnesium, albumin, alkaline phosphatase, intact parathormone (iPTH) and 25 hydroxyvitamin D 25(OH) D levels. The median onset time of hypocalcemia was 5.0 (range, 4.0-8.0) days of age, with a male preponderance (60.4%). The median serum 25(OH)D levels of the neonates and their mothers were 6.3 (range, 4.1-9.05) ng/ml and 5.2 (range, 4.7-8.8) ng/ml, respectively. The prevalence of VDD (<12 ng/ml) was high in both the neonates (86.5%) and mothers (93%). Serum 25(OH)D levels of the infants and mothers showed a strong correlation (p<0.001). While the majority (93.7%) of the neonates had normal/high phosphorus levels, iPTH levels were low or inappropriately normal in 54.2% of the patients. Vitamin D deficiency prevalence was found to be high in LNH. Efforts to provide vitamin D supplementation during pregnancy should be encouraged. Evaluation of vitamin D status should be included in the workup of LNH.Vitamin D deficiency prevalence was found to be high in LNH. Efforts to provide vitamin D supplementation during pregnancy should be encouraged. Evaluation of vitamin D status should be included in the workup of LNH. Free hormones are biologically more active in the target tissues. So we wanted to evaluate the vitamin D adequacy with bioavailable and free vitamin D. In order to calculate the bioavailable and free vitamin D according to the previously reported formula, VDBP level was measured. VDBP polymorphisms were also evaluated as they can affect the binding affinity. Eighty-four obese and 78 healthy children included in the study. Anthropometry, calcium, phosphorus, alkaline-phosphatase, parathyroid hormone, 25 (OH) vitamin D, bioavailable-free vitamin D, VDBP level and polymorphism were evaluated in the whole group. When the girls compared within themselves, PTH values were found to be higher in the obese group (p=0.001). When we compared obese and control subjects without gender discrimination, VDBP and PTH levels were found to be statistically higher in the obese group(respectively p=0.008, p=0.002). When only the cases included in the winter period were analyzed, PTH and VDBP were found to be higher and bioavailable and free vitamin D lower in the obese group. There was no difference in terms of total vitamin D between groups during the winter season. While total, free, bioavailable vitamin D in obese group was similar to the control group in autumn, free and bioavailable vitamin D in the winter was lower than the control group. Also PTH was higher in obese group than the control group in both autumn and winter. Therefore, many more studies are needed to evaluate the variability of free, bioavailable vitamin D according to the seasons and its effects.While total, free, bioavailable vitamin D in obese group was similar to the control group in autumn, free and bioavailable vitamin D in the winter was lower than the control group. Also PTH was higher in obese group than the control group in both autumn and winter. Therefore, many more studies are needed to evaluate the variability of free, bioavailable vitamin D according to the seasons and its effects.AAbstract Background/aim Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is the most extensive inflammatory arthritis causing permanent deformities in the joint. Increasing evidence suggests that oxidative stress is a substantial factor in the pathogenesis of RA. buy Pimasertib This study aimed to examine the salivary oxidant-antioxidant status of RA and control groups and to compare these biomarkers by correlating them with disease activity, acute phase reactants, and clinical findings. Age and gender-matched 60 participants including 30 patients with RA and 30 control (50 females, 10 males; mean age 42.62 ± 10.89 years) were evaluated. RA disease activity and severity were evaluated by the Disease Activity Score 28-C reactive protein (DAS 28-CRP). Rheumatoid factor (RF) positivity, anti-citrullinated protein antibodies (ACPA) positivity, erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), CRP, tender and swollen joint counts, and medical treatment regimens of the patients (glucocorticoids, conventional or biologic disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs) were recorded.