BACKGROUND This is an updated version of the Cochrane Review previously published in 2016. Epilepsy is a common neurological disorder, affecting 0.5% to 1% of the population. For nearly 30% of these people, their epilepsy is resistant to currently available drugs. Pharmacological treatment remains the first choice to control epilepsy. Lamotrigine is one of the newer antiepileptic drugs. Lamotrigine, in combination with other antiepileptic drugs (add-on), can reduce seizures, but with some adverse effects. OBJECTIVES To determine the effects of lamotrigine on (1) seizures, (2) adverse-effect profile, and (3) cognition and quality of life, compared to placebo, when used as an add-on treatment for people with drug-resistant focal epilepsy. SEARCH METHODS For the latest update of the review, we searched the following databases on 9 March 2020 Cochrane Register of Studies (CRS Web), MEDLINE (Ovid, 1946 to March 06, 2020). CRS Web includes randomized or quasi-randomized, controlled trials from PubMed, EMBASE, Clini1.22 to 2.68; 12 studies,1486 participants; moderate-certainty evidence). The limited data available precluded any conclusions about effects on cognition and quality of life. No important heterogeneity between studies was found for any of the outcomes. Overall, we assessed the evidence as high to moderate certainty, due to incomplete data for some outcomes. AUTHORS' CONCLUSIONS Lamotrigine as an add-on treatment for drug-resistant focal seizures appears to be effective in reducing seizure frequency, and seems to be fairly well-tolerated. However, the trials were of relatively short duration and provided no evidence for the long term. Further trials are needed to assess the long-term effects of lamotrigine, and to compare lamotrigine with other add-on drugs. Copyright © 2020 The Cochrane Collaboration. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.OBJECTIVES To examine the longitudinal association between frequency of moderate physical activity (PA) and overall, physical, psychological, and social frailty among community-dwelling older adults older than 70 years. Second, we assessed the association between a 12-month change in frequency of moderate PA and frailty. DESIGN Longitudinal cohort study. SETTING Community settings in Spain, Greece, Croatia, the Netherlands, and the United Kingdom. PARTICIPANTS A total of 1735 participants (61.1% female; mean age = 79.6 years; SD = 5.5 years). MEASUREMENTS The frequency of self-reported moderate PA was measured and classified into two categories "regular frequency" and "low frequency." The 12-month change in frequency of moderate PA between baseline and follow-up was classified into four categories "continued regular frequency," "decreased frequency," "continued low frequency," and "increased frequency." The 15-item Tilburg Frailty Indicator assessed overall, physical, psychological, and social frailty. RESULTndertook moderate PA with an increased frequency was similar to those with a continued regular frequency. CONCLUSION Maintaining a regular frequency of PA as well as increasing to a regular frequency of PA are associated with maintaining or improving overall, physical, psychological, and social frailty among European community-dwelling older adults older than 70 years. © 2020 The Authors. Journal of the American Geriatrics Society published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. on behalf of The American Geriatrics Society.OBJECTIVES To examine the relationship between time spent in light physical activity (LPA) and in moderate to vigorous physical activity (MVPA) and the pattern of accumulation on the risk for major mobility disability (MMD) in a large multicenter study of physical activity (PA) and aging, the Lifestyle Interventions and Independence for Elders (LIFE) study. DESIGN Data were collected from individuals randomized to a PA intervention as part of the LIFE study, an eight-center single-blind randomized clinical trial conducted between February 2010 and December 2013. SETTING Lifestyle Interventions and Independence for Elders Study PARTICIPANTS Older adult participants (78.4 years; N = 507) at risk for MMD. INTERVENTION All older adults included in these analyses were randomized to a structured PA intervention that included two center-based plus three to four home-based exercise sessions per week with a primary goal of walking for 150 minutes weekly. Participants attended the intervention for 2.5 years on average. continuum. © 2020 The American Geriatrics Society.BACKGROUND Levels of physical activity and physical fitness are low after stroke. Interventions to increase physical fitness could reduce mortality and reduce disability through increased function. OBJECTIVES The primary objectives of this updated review were to determine whether fitness training after stroke reduces death, death or dependence, and disability. The secondary objectives were to determine the effects of training on adverse events, risk factors, physical fitness, mobility, physical function, health status and quality of life, mood, and cognitive function. SEARCH METHODS In July 2018 we searched the Cochrane Stroke Trials Register, CENTRAL, MEDLINE, Embase, CINAHL, SPORTDiscus, PsycINFO, and four additional databases. We also searched ongoing trials registers and conference proceedings, screened reference lists, and contacted experts in the field. SELECTION CRITERIA Randomised trials comparing either cardiorespiratory training or resistance training, or both (mixed training), with usual care, no irest for patients. Further well-designed randomised trials are needed to determine the optimal exercise prescription, the range of benefits and any long-term benefits. Copyright © 2020 The Cochrane Collaboration. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES Although there is a strong cross-sectional association between dependence in activities of daily living (ADLs) and decreased mental health, it is largely unknown how the loss of specific ADLs, or the combination of ADLs, influences mental health outcomes. We examined the effect of ADL independence on mental health among participants in a large survey of Medicare managed care recipients. DESIGN/SETTING Retrospective cohort study. PARTICIPANTS A total of 104,716 participants in cohort 17 of the Medicare Health Outcomes Survey, who completed the baseline and follow-up surveys in 2014 and 2016. GSK2795039 datasheet MEASUREMENTS Linear regression models estimated the effects of loss of ADL independence on change in Mental Component Summary (MCS) score. RESULTS In an adjusted model, loss of independence in eating, bathing, dressing, and toileting were associated with three- to four-point declines in MCS, suggesting meaningful worsening. In a model that also included all six ADLs, loss of independence in each ADL was associated with declines in MCS, with the largest effects for eating and bathing.