Aim of this study to evaluate the safety profile, hepatoprotective and in-vivo antioxidant activities of Dicliptera bupleuroides Nees. Toxicity studies were conducted in human RBCs and DNA by using standard procedures. Acute hepatoprotective investigation was carried out in albino rats by treated with all six fractions of D. bupleuroides 350 mg/kg/day. ALT, AST, ALP and total bilirubin (TB) were performed. The n-hexane fraction (200 mg/kg/day) exhibited appropriate hepatoprotective activity hence subjected to chronic study (14 days). Paracetamol induced the hepatotoxicity (350mg/kg) and silymarin (50 mg/kg) was standard drug. Liver function tests, liver peroxidation tests and histopathological examination were performed at the end. Hexane fraction showed significant decrease in the level of ALT (88.1±7.8), AST (93.8±7.6), ALP (136.3±8.4) and TB (0.6±0.03) as compared to the standard drug (p>0.05). Rats treated with ethyl acetate fraction showed decrease in MDA (42.8±0.7) while GSH was found to be increased (107.7±1.8) against the toxic group (51.3±2.9), (73.6±4.0) respectively. All the drug extracts decreased the oxidative stress and protect the DNA from free hydroxyl radicals. DNA damage protection activity of these fractions is due to phytochemicals present in these fractions. These results indicate that the plant fractions possess significant hepatoprotective and antioxidant activities with no toxic effects.Although viruses cause most of upper respiratory tract infections but still antibiotics are irrationally prescribed in mild infections, especially in upper respiratory tract infections. To identify gaps among prescribers, due to lack of standard guidelines and antimicrobial stewardship programs, it is needed to check knowledge, attitude, perception and current prescribing pattern of antibiotics. Based on the data recommendations can be specified to overcome the prescribing deficiencies and increasing rates of antimicrobial resistance. It is inevitable to educate patients about ineffectiveness of antibiotics in viral infections, and to develop guidelines for prescribing antibiotics, running continuing medical education and establishing antibiotic stewardship programs. We conducted a cross-sectional survey-based study by engaging physicians of public and private sector hospitals in Lahore, Pakistan. About 66% agreed for semi-structured interview and met the inclusion criteria. Fifty percent of physicians have an understanding that antibiotics should be prescribed in URTIs, otherwise symptoms may get worsen. The only encouraging thing is that 78.8% believe that antibiotics are being misused and are major cause of increasing rate of resistance. Most of prescribers have an understanding that antibiotics should be prescribed in upper respiratory tract infections. They are prescribing antibiotics ignoring Center for Disease Control guidelines for the treatment or prophylaxis of upper respiratory infections.To estimate the antibiotic utilization and treatment compliance in URTIs reported to tertiary care hospitals of Lahore. A cross-sectional study was conducted by including 423 prescription files from public and private hospitals of Lahore. Descriptive statistics were used to estimate percentage frequencies. The reporting frequency of URTIs, tonsillitis, pharyngitis and otitis media, was higher in public hospitals (JH; 27.4%, LGH; 25.8%) compared to private (NHMC;16.3%, DHMC;15.1%) hospitals in patients aged 21-40 years. Patients aged 18-40 years (59%) received most antibiotics. Broad spectrum antibiotics (95%) were prescribed in both public (JH; 27.4%, LGH;25.9%) and private hospitals (NHMC;16.3%, DHMC;14.8%) - co-amoxiclave (30%) in penicillin class, ceftriaxone (15.4%) and cefixime (11.6%) in cephalosporin class, levofloxacin (11.3%) in quinolone class and clarithromycin (10.4%) in macrolide class, in tonsillitis, pharyngitis and otitis media. The diagnosis that received most antibiotics included tonsillitis (30%), pharyngitis (29.1%) and otitis media (11.1%). Superior treatment compliance was observed in public hospitals compared to private hospitals. The highest treatment non-compliance was observed in laryngitis (36.4%), otitis media (34%) and pharyngitis (26%). 1st line and over all treatment compliance was superior in public hospitals - sore throat, tonsillitis, sinusitis, otitis media and pharyngitis received the most appropriate choices.Glibenclamide (GBC) has been associated with hepatotoxicity in humans. This study conducted on rabbits to evaluate the hepatotoxicity of GBC alone and in combination therapy with propranolol (PPL). Liver enzymes like alanine transaminase (ALT), alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and gamma-glutamyltransferase (γ-GT) and bilirubin (BRB) are used to evaluate hepatotoxicity associated with GBC. selleckchem Histological findings, micrometry and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) used to find hepatotoxicity by GBC and with PPL. GBC caused significant elevation of liver functions as compared to control (p less then 0.005). PPL reduced the level of serum ALT, ALP, γGT and BRB when administered with GBC (p less then 0.005). The results prevailed that there is a significant change in hepatic cells structure and significant change in its diameter of nucleus (p less then 0.05). The necrosis and granuloma with decreased in number of hepatic cells were observed in GBC treated rabbits. However, the combination of GBC with PPL has shown healthy and nearly similar structure as that of controlled group and confirmed by SEM microscopy. PPL reduced the blood flow to hepatic portal system and thus, avoid the noxious substances to liver. It is affirmed that the use of PPL offered beneficial effect on hepatotoxic drugs.A large number of existing studies in the broader literature have speculated on the role of gender in the incidence of dementia. Most of these studies tend to suggest that women have an increased risk of dementia when matched with men. The objective of the study was to evaluate awareness of controllable risk of dementia among women such as social enhancement, cognitive training, tobacco cessation, avoid alcohol consumption, increasing physical activity, management of overweight, hypertension, high lipids, diabetes, depression and provision of hearing aids to elderly after screening. The study sample consisted of female health care providers (n=31), college teaching staff (n=19), and students (n= 34) in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. The study sample was sent a quiz between May and June 2020, through Whatsapp and email, and participation made entirely voluntary. The findings showed that the level of awareness increased with an increase in age. A positive correlation was observed between age and the level of awareness. The study findings also showed that healthcare providers had outstandingly high level of awareness on the controllable risk of dementia compared to college students.