Within the Research Topic 'Health Systems Recovery in the Context of COVID-19 and Protracted Conflict,' this article explores the pervasive nature of health systems resilience as nations grapple with recovery from crises including the COVID-19 pandemic, conflicts, natural disasters, and economic strain. Nevertheless, the operational reach and meaning of health system resilience, as a guide for recovery and the 'building back better' plan, remain unexplored in the existing literature and discussions. Misunderstandings and inconsistencies in the application of common terms and their precise definitions can contribute to a prolonged misalignment between stakeholders and the allocation of investments. Progress in integrated health systems, especially the strengthening of primary health care (PHC) and essential public health functions (EPHFs) across health and allied fields, is impaired, alongside progress towards global targets like universal health coverage (UHC), health security, healthier populations, and the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). azd0530 inhibitor This paper's conceptual synthesis draws upon 45 documents, which include peer-reviewed publications and gray literature. This is complemented by unpublished operational data reflecting the extensive experience of the co-authors in health systems resilience initiatives at the national level. These results showcase a synthesis of global thought on resilience in health systems. We address diverse elements of health systems resilience and conclude by presenting a practical and operational definition suitable for widespread adoption by various stakeholders to drive current global recovery and future initiatives.China's rapidly aging population necessitates a renewed societal focus on the care of its middle-aged and elderly citizens. Social connections, a cornerstone of Chinese society, significantly impact residents' access to information and resources, impacting the selection of suitable long-term care models for middle-aged and older generations. Employing a logistic dichotomy model, an empirical investigation of the 2018 CHARLS Phase I data (comprising 19,728 samples) revealed a positive influence of kinship (p < 0.001) and friendship (p < 0.001) on the choice of social care models among middle-aged and older adults. Central and western regions, and rural areas demonstrated a significant relationship between strong social bonds and the choice of long-term care models, according to the heterogeneity analysis (p<0.001). Further analysis of the transmission mechanism of strong social bonds was undertaken, leveraging the developed SIRS Contagion Model to delineate the information transfer process, building upon this observation. Strong social bonds correlated with a greater likelihood of incurring medical transfer costs, consequently amplifying the need for formal care among residents. From the standpoint of policy, this study emphasizes the imperative of coordinating the evolution of long-term formal care and the reinforcement of robust social networks, to ensure the broader adoption of a formal care model with supplementary family care, and to establish a sophisticated multi-level and diversified long-term care system for middle-aged and older adults.China's population grapples with a high incidence of tuberculosis (TB). The school setting is a place where tuberculosis outbreaks are prevalent. Therefore, a deep understanding of how tuberculosis spreads is critical for preventing its transmission and controlling outbreaks.For this genomic epidemiological study, genotypic distribution and transmission characteristics were investigated by combining conventional epidemiological survey data with whole-genome sequencing.From 2015 to 2019, in Guangzhou, China, tuberculosis strains were isolated from patients who were attending school.The primary concentration of TB incidence was observed in regular secondary schools and technical/vocational institutions. Resistance to the drug demonstrated by students was incredibly high, reaching 1630% (22 resistant individuals out of a study of 135 students). The phylogenetic tree's analysis indicated that 7926% (107 out of 135) of the strains were classified within lineage 2 (Beijing genotype), while 2074% (28 out of 135) belonged to lineage 4 (Euro-American genotype). From a collection of 135 isolates, five clusters were discerned, characterized by genomic distances within 12 single nucleotide polymorphisms. Comprising 10 strains, these clusters demonstrated a clustering rate of 74% (10/135) and exhibited a transmission index considerably lower than expected. Comparing the location of home or school to the time interval of symptom onset or diagnosis suggests the coexistence of campus and community transmission, with community transmission being the more prominent.Transmission of TB within Guangzhou schools largely originated from and was spread by community transmission. Strengthening surveillance is crucial to preventing the spread of tuberculosis within the school system.The prevailing cause and route of transmission for tuberculosis cases in Guangzhou schools was community transmission. Consequently, bolstering surveillance is necessary to curb the transmission of tuberculosis within educational institutions.Preventable complications during pregnancy and childbirth disproportionately impact refugee women worldwide. These risks are intrinsically linked to high healthcare costs, navigating unfamiliar systems, overcoming language barriers, and the pervasive issue of discrimination. Yet, the existing body of literature is insufficient in evaluating the evidence currently available in the U.S. A literature scoping review focused on maternal health outcomes for refugee women resettled in the U.S., revealing knowledge deficiencies and emphasizing areas for future research endeavors in maternal health promotion strategies.Electronic searches were executed across PubMed, CINAHL, PsycINFO, and EMBASE databases, retrieving all content published between their initial releases and July 2021. To ensure comprehensiveness, we included all peer-reviewed studies utilizing qualitative, quantitative, or mixed-methods designs, when they addressed the perinatal health experiences and outcomes of refugee women in the United States.The screening of 2288 records resulted in 29 articles satisfying the inclusion requirements. U.S.-born women typically initiate prenatal care earlier and attend more appointments than refugee women. Amongst them, some resisted the obstetric procedures of labor induction and the option of a cesarean delivery. Refugee women, despite the substantial risk factors affecting them, generally fared better in terms of maternal health. The significance of healthcare providers exhibiting cultural competence and sensitivity, as well as the potential of community health workers to act as liaisons between refugee women and healthcare providers, has been highlighted in numerous studies.A scoping review stresses the need for early commencement of prenatal care and more frequent visits for the benefit of refugee women. Additionally, further action is required to diminish resistance to obstetric interventions and a lack of confidence. The route through which healthy migrant effects occur deserves further investigation to ensure the continuation of protective factors during the resettlement and acculturation processes. A systematic review, employing a scoping methodology, reveals significant gaps in the body of knowledge, including the underrepresentation of different ethnic groups of refugee women in maternal health research on refugees conducted in the United States. Underrepresented and understudied refugee women, whose invisibility potentially signals unaddressed needs, deserve greater attention to facilitate health equity for everyone.The scoping review strongly recommends earlier initiation of prenatal care and more frequent prenatal care visits specifically for refugee women. Beyond that, additional strategies are required to reduce opposition to obstetric interventions and a lack of trust. The process through which healthy migrant effects manifest could be analyzed more extensively, enabling the sustained preservation of protective factors during resettlement and cultural integration. Through a scoping review, the study of the literature uncovers major lacunae, specifically the inadequate attention to refugee women of various ethnic groups in maternal health research carried out in the United States. To achieve health equity for everyone, it is important to address the invisibility, which may signify unspoken and unaddressed needs, by paying more attention to the needs of underrepresented and understudied refugee women.The historical and ongoing issue of hunger affects hundreds of millions across numerous generations globally. While many have worked diligently to alleviate the hunger crisis, the crisis continues to worsen. Beyond that, food waste poses a critical concern across the majority of countries globally. Disruptions in the food chain system stem from inefficient waste management, while simultaneously harming the environment. Food production waste constitutes the majority, leaving manufacturers with a net-zero output while simultaneously leveraging its potential. While food production waste possesses high nutritional and functional properties, a large amount is ultimately utilized as budget-friendly animal feed and plant fertilizers. Emerging waste products, significant to the mushroom, peanut, and soybean (MPS) manufacturing line, were identified in this review. MPS wastes, rich in nutritional elements, provide a new avenue for food conversion, driving a circular economy and guaranteeing food security in the post-pandemic era. To achieve carbon neutrality and effective waste management within alternative food production, biotechnological processes like digestive, fermentative, and enzymatic conversions are indispensable. In a narrative format, the article discusses the critical potential applications and challenges of MPS as future food options, within the framework of fighting hunger.