FTIR, XRD, and XPS analyses indicated that Pb2+ and Zn2+ were absorbed on the biochars primarily via chemical complexation with aromatic functional groups. Quantum chemistry calculations confirmed that these functional groups (e.g., -OH and-COOH) tended to bind more strongly with Pb2+ than with Zn2+ due to the former's lower binding energies, which also accounted for the notable decrease in adsorption of Zn2+ in the presence of Pb2+. In addition, compared to carboxyl groups, hydroxyl groups had smaller binding energies and stronger metal complexation. These findings provide a theoretical basis for improved understanding of potential applications of biochars in environmental remediation. An ethanol extract complex of Descurainia sophia seeds and Peucedanum praeruptorum roots, called BP10A, has antitumor potential against colorectal cancer. In the present study, we evaluated the 28-day oral toxicity and the genotoxicity of BP10A. The subacute toxicity test was done through oral administration to mice. ICR mice (n = 10) received daily oral BP10A doses of 0, 500, 1000 and 2000 mg/kg for 28 consecutive days. During administration, general clinical signs, food consumption, organ weights, and hematologic, biochemical and histopathological parameters in male and female mice were assessed. No significant adverse effects up to the highest dose (2000 mg/kg) were found. The genotoxicity was evaluated using a battery of tests, including an in vitro bacterial reverse mutation (Ames) test, an in vivo micronucleus test using bone marrow cells in ICR mice and a chromosomal aberration test using CHL/IU cells. BP10A did not show any genotoxic signs in the Ames (up to 5000 μg/plate), micronucleus (up to 5000 mg/kg) and the chromosomal aberration tests (550-1750 μg/mL). Therefore, BP10A was considered safe based on the subacute toxicity and genotoxicity results, indicating that it is a useful pharmaceutical material with no adverse toxicity. © 2020 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.BACKGROUND  Gastric peroral endoscopic pyloromyotomy (G-POEM) and gastric electrical stimulation (GES) have been reported as treatment options for refractory gastroparesis. In this study, we compared the long term clinical outcomes of G-POEM versus GES in the treatment of such patients. METHODS  We retrospectively evaluated 111 consecutive patients with refractory gastroparesis between January 2009 and August 2018. To overcome selection bias, we used propensity score matching (11) between G-POEM and GES treatment. The primary outcome was the duration of clinical response. LY2228820 clinical trial RESULTS  After propensity score matching, 23 patients were included in each group. After a median follow-up of 27.7 months, G-POEM had a significantly better and longer clinical response than GES (hazard ratio [HR] for clinical recurrence 0.39, 95 % confidence interval [CI] 0.16 - 0.95; P = 0.04). The median duration of response was 25.4 months (95 %CI 8.7 - 42.0) in the GES group and was not reached in the G-POEM group. The Kaplan - Meier estimate of 24-month clinical response rate was 76.6 % with G-POEM vs. 53.7 % with GES. GES appeared to have little effect on idiopathic gastroparesis (HR for recurrence with G-POEM vs. GES 0.35, 95 %CI 0.13 - 0.95; P = 0.05). The incidence of adverse events was higher in the GES group (26.1 % vs. 4.3 %; P = 0.10). CONCLUSION  Among patients with refractory gastroparesis, clinical response was better and lasted longer with G-POEM than with GES. The positive outcomes with G-POEM are likely to derive from the superior clinical response in patients with idiopathic gastroparesis. Further studies are needed to confirm these findings. © Georg Thieme Verlag KG Stuttgart · New York.Campylobacter is one of the most commonly reported foodborne pathogens in the U.S. Because poultry is considered a major source of Campylobacter infections in humans, reducing Campylobacter contamination in poultry products is likely the most important and effective public health strategy to reduce the burden of campylobacteriosis in humans. A comprehensive on-line survey was conducted of key stakeholders of the U.S. broiler industry, including broiler farm managers (n=18), poultry veterinarians (n=18) and processing plant managers (n=20), to assess the current pre- and post-harvest Campylobacter interventions and control measures practiced by the industry to reduce Campylobacter contamination of broiler products. The survey additionally collected information regarding each respondent's understanding of Campylobacter transmission and ecology in broiler production. The results showed that a majority of the establishments included in the survey are following the USDA-FSIS recommended guidelines to control Campylobacter contamination in broiler flocks and on carcasses. Nonetheless, establishments appeared to be putting more effort put into Salmonella control than Campylobacter control both on-farm and in the processing plant. A majority of the respondents additionally felt that current interventions are not effective at reducing Campylobacter contamination, especially on-farm. Many respondents showed a lack of understanding of risk factors associated with Campylobacter colonization in broiler flocks and on carcasses. Continued educational and training programs of key stakeholders of the U.S. broiler industry are needed to increase awareness of Campylobacter in broiler chickens and that Campylobacter is a multifaceted problem that requires efforts from both the pre- and post-harvest sectors.Meat adulteration has recently become an issue of increasing public concern. In addition to posing a health risk to consumers with metabolic disorders or allergies, meat adulteration has triggered many economic and religious problems. Chicken meat is one of the eligible candidates for meat adulteration due to its low cost and ready availability.This study developed a loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) assay coupled with a lateral flow dipstick (LFD) to identify chicken in non-chicken products. , we optimized the amplification time and temperature to obtain the best result . This method is performed at a constant temperature in a water bath and complete in 1 hour. No precision instruments or equipment are needed. With a one-step reaction and easy operation, the testing cost is low. Whith high sensitive and specific, this method provide a valuable method for identifying chicken in non-chicken products. which meets the requirements of on-site inspection and detection.