Tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L.) is an economically important crop in China, with an estimated production of 2.2 million tons every year. In June 2018, tobacco plants within the municipality of Sanmenxia (Henan, China) showed symptoms of wilting with leaf yellowing and stunting. Diseased plants exhibited severe necrosis that advanced through the main root (Figure 1 A). The symptoms were observed in nineteen surveyed tobacco fields, 60 ha in total, and approximately 25% of the plants were symptomatic. The disease resulted in a severe loss in tobacco leaf production. Five symptomatic tobacco plants were sampled. Diseased tissues from roots were surface sterilized in 75% ethanol and placed on potato dextrose agar (PDA) medium. Eighteen of the 25 diseased tissues had cultures growing from them, and all the cultures were white colonies with abundant aerial mycelium produced scarlet pigmentation on PDA. One pure culture was obtained by single-spore culturing (SL1). A 10-day-old culture grown on CLA (carnation leaf ag019 Plant Dis. O'Donnell, K., et al. 1998. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 952011. O'Donnell, K., et al. 2008. J. Clin. Microbiol. 462477. selleckchem Xu, F., et al. 2018. Front Microbiol. 91054. Zhao, Z.H., and Lu, G. Z., 2008. Mycologia, 100746. The author(s) declare no conflict of interest. Keywords tobacco root rot, Henan Province, Fusarium sinensis.Common buckwheat (Fagopyrum esculentum) is a widely cultivated non-grass cereal. It has a considerable market value with nutritional qualities and ability to treat or prevent cancers, hypertension and diabetes (Cawoy et al., 2006). In July-August 2018 and 2019, leaves exhibiting unfamiliar symptoms were observed in Huan County and Huachi County, Gansu, China, with 15% incidence and moderate to severe severity across the field. Initial symptoms consisted of small chlorotic, circular to oval leaf spots. As disease progressed, the spots enlarged and turned light brown to brown with chlorotic margins. When the disease was severe, the leaf spots coalesced and the leaves became prematurely chlorotic and senescent. Spots occurred mostly but not exclusively on older foliage. Diseased tissues were surface sterilized with 75% ethanol for 20 s and 0.1% NaClO for 2 min, placed on PDA medium and incubated at 20 °C for 48-72 h. A total 24 isolates were obtained and purified through single-spore cultures, 19 of which were c observed on all inoculated leaves after 14 days, whereas control leaves were symptomless. The pathogen was reisolated from symptomatic leaf spots, micromorphological features and colony characters of the reisolated fungi were identical to the original isolate. To our knowledge, this is the first documentation of leaf spot of buckwheat caused by S. vesicarium in China, and the first characterization of a Stemphylium foliar pathogen on this crop.Peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) is the third most important oilseed crop in the world. The cultivated area in Mexico is currently 52,046 ha with a production of 91,109 ton in 2018 (FAO, 2020). Puebla state ranks third in the national production with 9,313 ton (SIAP, 2020). In September 2019, typical symptoms of charcoal rot (Macrophomina phaseolina (Tassi) Goid.) were observed in about 50% of cultivar Virginia Champs peanuts, and it affecting 1.5 ha located in Chietla (18° 27' 39" N; 98° 37' 11" W), Puebla, Mexico. Diseased plants showed brown discoloration in stem and root rot, with chlorotic foliage, dark microsclerotia were observed on the stem and premature dying. To isolate the causal agent of these symptoms, 20 infected plants were recovered and processed in the laboratory. Ten pieces of stem and root tissue were selected from each plant, cut into small pieces 5-mm in length, superficially disinfested with 1% sodium hypochlorite for 3 min, followed by three rinses with sterile distilled water. Later, dried plants remained healthy. M. phaseolina was re-isolated from symptomatic root tissues and identified by phylogenetic approach, fulfilling Koch's postulates. To date, this fungus affects at least 372 hosts globally causing yield losses. Although in Mexico this fungus has been documented in Glycine max, Ipomoea batatas, Phaseolus vulgaris, Physalis ixocarpa, Saccharum officinarum, Sesamum indicum, Solanum melongena, S. tuberosum, and Sorghum bicolor (Farr and Rossman 2021). However, there are no reports of M. phaseolina as a potential pathogen on peanut; therefore, according to our knowledge, this is the first report of this fungus affecting A. hypogaea in Mexico.Kazakhstan is one of the biggest wheat producers, however, its wheat production is far below the average international wheat production standard due to biotic and abiotic stressors. Plant-parasitic nematodes are devastating for cereal production systems worldwide. A comprehensive survey was conducted in 2019 to identify plant-parasitic nematodes associated with wheat in different locations of central, eastern, and south-eastern Kazakhstan. The results revealed 33 root-lesion and 27 cyst nematode populations from the 77 localities sampled. These two genera occurred in separate or in mixed populations. The root-lesion populations were identified as Pratylenchus neglectus and P. thornei while all cyst nematodes were identified as Heterodera filipjevi. The identification of nematodes was firstly performed based on morphological and morphometric features and confirmed by BLAST and phylogenetic analyses based on the internal transcribed spacer and the D2-D3 expansion located in the 28S gene of ribosomal DNA for CCN and RLN populations, respectively. Pratylenchus neglectus and P. thornei populations from Kazakhstan showed a high similarity with the American, European, and Asian populations. Heterodera filipjevi populations formed a well-supported cluster with the corresponding populations from different countries and showed a slightly intraspecific polymorphism. Kazakhstan populations of H. filipjevi may have multiple introductions in Kazakhstan due to the divergence among them. The results of this study are of great importance for breeding programs and will enable awareness to extension advisors to develop measures to control these nematodes in cereal cropping areas in Kazakhstan.