45 to 0.42 and 0.38 (mg MDA/L emulsion), respectively. After assessing the iron ion chelating, a higher level of activity was observed in the alkaline-derived enzyme hydrolysis samples. Furthermore, the highest amount of copper ion chelating was obtained after hydrolyzing the enzymes for 200 min. © 2020 Published by Elsevier Ltd.The current work presents structural change and band gap tunability using hybrid organic-inorganic perovskite with the incorporation of long chain ammonium halide. Thin films of MAPbI3 with different ratio of n-butylammonium iodide (BAI) have been successfully deposited on the substrate using a single step coating technique. X-ray diffraction scans revealed the transition of the 3D structure of MAPbI3 to quasi-2D perovskite structure when BAI loading increase with a crystallite size range approximately 16 nm. This structural changeis reflected in the band gap as it increased from 1.59 eV for bulk crystal MAPbI3 to 2.13 eV for BAI and MAPbI3 ratio of 11. Correspondingly, photoluminescence measurement showed a blue shift in perovskite emission due to the transition of 3D to 2D layered structure perovskite. Raman spectra confirm that all fabricated films are of pristine quality and no corresponding degradation peaks of PbI2 is observed. These characteristics are important to address the single step deposition method of hybrid perovskite for perovskite solar cells application. © 2020 Published by Elsevier Ltd.sIn visible light communication (VLC) systems, a non-orthogonal multiple access (NOMA) scheme is deemed promising technology to offer better spectral efficiency than the Orthogonal multiple access (OMA) scheme. The feasibility of power domain NOMA for VLC system has been studied with different variants of unipolar OFDM schemes. However, few research works have been presented on the impact of clipping noise on the achievable sum rate of NOMA with DC-biased optical OFDM (DCO-OFDM) and polarity divided DCO-OFDM (PD-DCO-OFDM). This paper presents the impact of clipping noise on the achievable sum rate of NOMA-DCO-OFDM and NOMA-PD-DCO-OFDM VLC systems. Moreover, NOMA-DCO-OFDM and NOMA-PD-DCO-OFDM systems are compared based on achievable sum rates for different total power constraints and signal clipping levels. For the two-user scenario, Simulation results have confirmed that NOMA-PD-DCO-OFDM can offer a better sum rate compared to NOMA-DCO-OFDM system. © 2020 The Author(s).Adolescence is a transitional phase of development with the risk of adopting unhealthy behaviours, which is carried on to adulthood. Adolescent athletes tend to resort to unhealthy eating habits resulting in eating disorders and other clinical outcomes. Hence, it forms a crucial age to understand modifiable food habits and provide appropriate counselling. In India, coaches closely monitor the adolescent athletes, even concerning their eating habits due to the lack of multi-disciplinary support staff. Thus, our study aimed to understand the perceptions of coaches towards food, appetite and nutrition of adolescent athletes using In-depth interviews (IDI). Of all 14 coaches at the state-sponsored residential sports centre, 10 consented. The IDI were conducted in a standardized manner and were recorded and transcribed. They were coded manually, using the open and axial coding in the grounded theory approach to determine themes. They considered nutrition as key to performance and consumption of higher animal protein as important. Majority of them considered sprouts, dry fruits, fruits and vegetables as healthy foods, though were unable to define the quantities nor nutrients therein. Coaches considered protein as "important", while fat as "unhealthy". They also observed that athletes were avoiding fruits and vegetables, while consuming more rice. Meal timing, fluid and supplement intake were considered essential for international performance, albeit unaware of the specific requirements. Hygiene practices and peer isolation were considered to affect food intake. This lacunae in the nutrition knowledge and the modifiable nutrition practices explored can be targeted by developing a nutrition education and assessment tool for coaches and junior athletes. Further, a long-term engagement of a nutritionist with every sports academy in India is recommended. selleck products © 2020 Published by Elsevier Ltd.Cranial bone defects are a major issue in the field of neurosurgery, and improper management of such defects can cause cosmetic issues as well as more serious infections and inflammation. Several strategies exist to manage these defects clinically, but most rely on synthetic materials that are prone to complications; thus, a bone regenerative approach would be superior. We tested a material (octacalcium phosphate collagen composite [OCP/Col]) that is known to enhance bone regeneration in a skull defect model in rats. Using a critical-sized rat skull defect model, OCP/Col was implanted in rats with an intact dura or with a partial defect of the dura. The results were compared with those in a no-treatment group over the course of 12 weeks using computed tomographic and histological analysis. OCP/Col enhanced bone regeneration, regardless of whether there was a defect of the dura. OCP/Col can be used to treat skull defects, even when the dura is injured or removed surgically, via bone regeneration with enhanced resorption of OCP/Col, thus limiting the risk of infection greatly. © 2020 The Authors.Objectives We aimed to study sirolimus-related lung parenchymal changes by quantitative analysis of computed tomography (CT) of the lungs in patients with lymphangioleiomyomatosis (LAM). Methods We studied 20 participants from the Multicenter Lymphangioleiomyomatosis Sirolimus Trial for Safety study, who had undergone both thin-section CT scans and pulmonary function tests at baseline, 12, and 24 months. Quantitative CT parameters such as CT-derived total lung capacity, percentage of low attenuation area (LAA%), lung density histogram, fractal property of low attenuation area, and airway dimensions were analyzed, and correlations were conducted between the longitudinal change in each quantitative CT measurement and changes in pulmonary function were examined. Among 20 participants, pre-trial (n = 8) and post-trial (n = 16) CT data were also analyzed to deduce pathophysiologic implications of the serial changes in CT parameters during trial periods. Results FEV1 significantly increased from baseline to 24 months (slope 3.