Humans are integrated with the environment where they live. Gravitational force plays an important role in shaping the universe, lives, and even cellular biological processes. Research in the last 40 years has shown how exposure to microgravity changes biological processes. Microgravity has been shown to have significant effects on cellular proliferation, invasion, apoptosis, migration, and gene expression, specifically in tumor cells, and these effects may also exist in stem and cancer stem cells. It has also been shown that microgravity changes the effects of chemotherapeutic drugs. Although studies have been carried out in a simulated microgravity environment in cell culture lines, there are few animal experiments or true microgravity studies. Cancer remains one of the most significant problems worldwide. Despite advances in medical science, no definitive strategies have been found for the prevention of cancer formation or to inform treatment. Thus, the microgravity environment is a potential new therapeutic strategy for future cancer treatment. This review will focus on current knowledge on the impact of the microgravity environment on cancer cells, stem cells, and the biological behavior of cancer stem cells. The 15q11.1-13.1 duplication, also known as Dup15q syndrome, is a rare congenital disease affecting 1 in 30,000 to 1 in 60,000 children worldwide. This condition is characterized by the presence of at least one extra copy of genetical material within the Prader-Willi/Angelman Critical Region (PWACR) of the referred 15q11.2-q13.1 chromosome. . Our study presents the clinical and genetical features of the first patient with a 15q11.2 interstitial duplication on the maternal allele (inv Dup15q) that mimics a milder Prader-Willi syndrome probably due to an atypical disruption of the 14 gene. Methylation-specific MLPA analysis has confirmed the presence of a very unlikely duplication that lies between breakpoint 1 (BP1) and the middle of BP2 and BP3 (BP3). This atypical alteration might be linked to the milder patient's clinical phenotype. This is the first Dup15q patient reported in Ecuador and of the very few in South America. selleck products This aberration has never been described in a patient with Dup15q, and the unusual clinical presentation is probably due to the atypical distal breakpoint occurring within the gene which lies between BP2 and BP3 and does not therefore contain the whole PWACR. If the duplication disrupted the gene, then it is possible that it is the cause of, or contributing to, the patient's clinical phenotype.This is the first Dup15q patient reported in Ecuador and of the very few in South America. This aberration has never been described in a patient with Dup15q, and the unusual clinical presentation is probably due to the atypical distal breakpoint occurring within the gene SNHG14 which lies between BP2 and BP3 and does not therefore contain the whole PWACR. If the duplication disrupted the gene, then it is possible that it is the cause of, or contributing to, the patient's clinical phenotype.Acid proteases represent an important group of enzymes, extensively used in food and beverage industries. There is an increased demand for acid proteases adapting to the industrial extreme environment, especially lower pH. Thus, this necessitates the search for a better acid protease from fungi that best performs in industrial conditions. The fungal isolates were isolated from grape and dairy farm soil using potato dextrose agar and further screened for protease production based on the hydrolysis of clear zone on skim milk agar. The potential fungi were then subjected to secondary screening under solid-state fermentation (SSF). After the secondary screening, the potential fungus was identified to the genus level by the macroscopic and microscopic methods. The growth conditions and media composition for the potential fungus were further optimized under SSF. The crude enzyme produced by the potential isolate was characterized after partial purification by acetone and ammonium sulfate precipitation. A total of 9 fungal isolates showed protease production in primary and secondary screening; however, one potential isolate (Z1BL1) was selected for further study based on its protease activity. The isolate was identified to the genus Aspergillus based on their morphological features. The maximum acid protease from the isolate Z1BL1 was obtained using fermentation media containing wheat bran as a solid substrate, 1 mL of 3.2 × 106 inoculum size, 50% moisture content, and pH 4.5 upon 120-h incubation at 30°C. The acetone-precipitated enzyme exhibited the maximum activity at 50°C and pH 5 with stability at pH 4-6 and temperature 40-60°C. Thus, the acid protease produced from Aspergillus showed suitable enzyme characteristics required in the industry and could be a candidate for application in the food industry after further purification. Patients with tooth sensitivity are frequently exposed to desensitizing agents on a regular basis. These agents might have an impact on the surface properties and color of existing oral restorations. Accordingly, this study aimed to investigate the color stability, surface microhardness, and surface roughness of resin-modified glass ionomer (RMGIC), amalgomer CR, nanohybrid, and bulk-fill resin composites restorative materials after frequent exposure to a desensitizing agent. Materials and Methods. One hundred and twenty specimens were prepared; 10 specimens for each restorative material were equally subdivided into control and desensitizing-agent-exposed groups in each test. Surface microhardness and surface roughness were evaluated using the Vickers microhardness tester and surface profilometer, respectively. The color change was measured by using a spectrophotometer using the CIE formula. Surface topography was analyzed using a scanning electron microscope (SEM). The collected data were desensitizing agents.The bulk-fill composite seems to be more resistant to discoloration and surface topographical changes than other tested materials on frequent exposure to the desensitizing agent. However, this exposure may pose a negative impact on its surface hardness. Bulk-fill resin composite may be the most suitable esthetic restorative in patients who frequently use desensitizing agents.