Objective.Advanced robotic lower limb prostheses are mainly controlled autonomously. Although the existing control can assist cyclic movements during locomotion of amputee users, the function of these modern devices is still limited due to the lack of neuromuscular control (i.e. control based on human efferent neural signals from the central nervous system to peripheral muscles for movement production). Neuromuscular control signals can be recorded from muscles, called electromyographic (EMG) or myoelectric signals. In fact, using EMG signals for robotic lower limb prostheses control has been an emerging research topic in the field for the past decade to address novel prosthesis functionality and adaptability to different environments and task contexts. The objective of this paper is to review robotic lower limb Prosthesis control via EMG signals recorded from residual muscles in individuals with lower limb amputations.Approach.We performed a literature review on surgical techniques for enhanced EMG interfaces, EMG sensors, decoding algorithms, and control paradigms for robotic lower limb prostheses.Main results.This review highlights the promise of EMG control for enabling new functionalities in robotic lower limb prostheses, as well as the existing challenges, knowledge gaps, and opportunities on this research topic from human motor control and clinical practice perspectives.Significance.This review may guide the future collaborations among researchers in neuromechanics, neural engineering, assistive technologies, and amputee clinics in order to build and translate true bionic lower limbs to individuals with lower limb amputations for improved motor function.Silicon quantum dots (Si-QDs) are excellent luminescent material due to its unique optoelectronic properties and have huge application potential in the field of photodetection. Recently, there has been much research interests in developing low-cost, facile and environmentally friendly methods to prepare the nanomaterials in addition to yielding excellent performances. In this article, we developed a novel preparation method of producing Si-QDs film based on carbon-silicon composite. The film was synthesized by co-sputtering using magnetron sputtering technique and studied at different annealing temperatures. Upon annealing, the film was transformed from an amorphous state to a crystalline state leading to Si-QDs precipitation, which can be observed at a low temperature of 600 °C. A Si-QDs thin film/n-Si photodetector was then prepared and characterized. The device exhibited a high specific detection rate (D*) of 1.246 × 1012cm Hz1/2W-1under 940 nm (1.1 mW cm-2) infrared radiation at 5 V bias. It also demonstrated good responsiveness and stability.Objective.A new method to classify individuals as 'responders' to task-activated cerebral blood flow velocity (CBFv) has recently been developed. This study investigated whether CBFv response rate to task-activation is affected by Alzheimer's disease (AD) and mild cognitive impairment (MCI).Approach.The 95th thresholds for cross correlation function peak and variance ratio were derived from 270 unstimulated, healthy hemispheres, and were used to classify the presence of a response to task-activation. Thresholds were applied to five cognitive tasks (attention, verbal fluency, language, visuospatial, memory) in CBFv data from 30 healthy older adults (HC), 35 AD and 22 MCI participants. Cumulative response rate (CRR) was calculated from the sum of responses across five tasks, for both hemispheres. Area under the curve (AUC) was derived from receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis.Main results. The number of responders differed significantly between tasks (p less then 0.005) and diagnostic groups (p = 0.011). On post hoc tests there were more responders in the visuospatial (79%-90%) compared to fluency (45%-80%), language (50%-77%), and memory (44%-70%) tasks bilaterally, and responders were greater in the HC (70%) compared to AD (41%) and MCI (23%) groups to at least eight out of ten tasks. Proteasome inhibitor At an optimal threshold of 7.5 out of 10 responses, the AUC-ROC distinguished HC from AD and MCI with a; sensitivity 66% and specificity 70% (AUC = 0.72).Significance. Using a novel method to classify responders to cognitive task-activation, HC demonstrated a higher CRR than those with MCI or AD, and a threshold of less then 8 responses distinguished healthy ageing from dementia.Structural superlubricity is a fundamentally important research topic in the area of tribology. Van der Waals heterojunctions of 2D materials are an ideal system for achieving structural superlubricity and possessing potentially a wide range of applications in the future due to their ultra-flat and incommensurate crystal interfaces. Here we briefly introduce the origin and mechanism of structural superlubricity and summarize the representative experimental results, in which the coefficient of friction (COF) has achieved the order of 10-5. Furthermore, we analyze the factors affecting structural superlubricity of 2D materials, including dynamic reconstruction of interfaces, edge effects, interfacial adsorption, etc., and give a perspective on how to realize the macroscopic expansion and where it can be applied in practice.Designing highly active and cost-effective electrocatalysts for seawater-splitting with large current densities is compelling for developing hydrogen energy. Great advancements in hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) have been achieved, but the progress on driving HER in seawater is still limited. Herein, Fe-doped MoS2nanoshseets array supported by 3D carbon fibers was explored to be an efficient HER electrocatalyst operating in seawater. Strikingly, it exhibited small overpotentials of 119 and 300 mV to reach the current densities of 10 and 250 mA cm-2in buffered seawater, respectively, both of them are comparable to the best-reported values under similar conditions. Meantime, the catalyst could keep the stable HER activity for 30 h without notable loss. Theoretical calculations revealed that Fe doping increases the S-edge activity. Our work provides a new avenue for designing MoS2-based HER electrocatalysts for industry application.