In the present study, we employ all-atom molecular dynamics simulations to investigate the dynamic behaviors and structural properties of the native and modified cellulose chains in the bulk, aqueous, and organic media. Particular attention has been directed to the role of different hydrophobic and hydrophilic functional groups as linear and branched aliphatic and also cyclic pendent groups on the solubility and packing of the cellulose chain. The various properties related to density profile, mean squared displacement, intramolecular entropy, radius of gyration, and radial distribution function were calculated. The results showed that the chain tendency toward crystallinity decreased when the native cellulose chains were modified using functional groups. This issue is supported by the fact that modifying the chains decreases the compactness of the cellulose chains due to partial solubility increasing of the modified chains, especially for the chains functionalized by polyether groups. The present computational data highlights the crucial role of the functional groups with the hydrophilic nature and linear molecular architecture to reduce the cellulose chains compactness in both aqueous and organic media when compared with the other types of functional groups.Thermophilic anaerobic digestion is a promising process for high-solid blackwater (BW) treatment due to improved hydrolysis rates, high methanogenesis efficiency, and pathogen removal, when compared with mesophilic treatment. In the present work, the effects of effluent recirculation (i.e., mixing) on thermophilic blackwater treatment were studied. A laboratory-scale thermophilic upflow anaerobic sludge blanket reactor was operated with and without effluent recirculation. The methanogenesis efficiency of the BW treatment increased from 45.0 ± 2.9% when effluent recirculation was applied to 56.7 ± 5.5% without effluent recirculation. Without effluent recirculation, the COD accumulation in the bioreactor was reduced from 17.2 to 3.8% and the effluent volatile fatty acids (VFA) concentration was reduced from 0.64 ± 0.18 to 0.15 ± 0.10 g/L. Further, both acetoclastic and hydrogenotrophic methanogenic activity increased from 101.3 ± 10.8 and 93.9 ± 6.1 to 120.4 ± 9.4 and 118.2 ± 13.2 mg CH4-COD/(gVSS⋅d), respectively, after effluent recirculation was discontinued. The predominant methanogens changed from Methanothermobacter (67%) with effluent recirculation to Methanosarcina (62%) without effluent recirculation. THZ1 manufacturer As compared to the effluent recirculation conditions, the enhanced biomethane recovery and treatment performance without effluent recirculation can be attributed to the close proximity of bacteria and archaea groups and the reduced VFA accumulation. Predicted functional gene comparison showed higher prevalence of function for intermediate metabolite transportation (transporters, ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporters, and two-component system) after discontinuing effluent circulation, which contributed to improved syntrophic propionate oxidation and syntrophic acetate oxidization and enhanced hydrogenotrophic methanogenesis.Aqueous phase reforming (APR) coupled to catalytic wet air oxidation (CWAO) has been investigated as an approach to remove phenolic compounds from wastewater, converting them into valuable gases. Partial oxidation of phenol was achieved in the first CWAO stage trying to minimize mineralization so to allow a high yield to valuable gases in the second APR stage. APR runs were carried out with different mixtures of compounds corresponding to phenol oxidation pathway (phenol, quinones, long and short chain acids) and representing different degrees of oxidation in CWAO stage. A range of TOC and COD removal (74-90%) was observed in APR stage for the single compounds, with higher removal for long chain acids. Likewise, long chain acids provided with the highest conversion to gases. APR of mixtures rich in acids gave the highest yield to CH4 (11.0 mmol CH4/g TOCinitial). H2 production was low in all cases, due to competing direct conversion of long and short chain acids into CH4. TOC and COD removal from wastewater was similar in APR-CWAO and APR, however the conversion to gases and the yield to CH4 were markedly higher for APR-CWAO, thus overcoming the difficulties previously observed in the direct APR of phenol.This work reports on the potential application of UiO-66 in gas sweetening and its structural stability against water, air, dimethylformamide (DMF), and chloroform. The UiO-66 nanoparticles were solvothermally synthesized at different scales and activated via solvent exchange technique using chloroform, methanol, and ethanol. Thus prepared and aged MOFs were characterized using Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction (XRD), Field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), and nitrogen adsorption-desorption analysis. The chloroform-activated MOF showed the largest surface area among all activation solvents, and presented high uptakes of 8.8 and 4.3 mmol/g for CO2 and CH4, respectively, at 298 K and 30 bar. This might be due to removing all unreacted organic ligands and DMF molecules from the pores of the framework. The UiO-66 nanoparticles are stable at the experimental conditions with no significant loss in crystalline structure and gas adsorption ability even after aging under different conditions for one year. The UiO-66 could be easily regenerated at 373 K with no observed significant reduction in gas uptakes even after five consecutive adsorption-desorption cycles. The present findings suggest the excellent potential of the UiO-66-derived MOFs as the promising materials for CO2/CH4 separation at low pressures and results can be applied in practical natural gas sweetening. The Japanese have had three experiences of radiation disasters the atomic bombs dropped on Hiroshima and Nagasaki in 1945, and the 2011 Fukushima Nuclear Power Plant disaster. The former two experiences have been covered in compulsory education programs. In light of these incidents, a strong fear of radiation has pervaded people of several generations. In such a situation, the role of nurses is important. When nurses treat residents, their attitudes change depending on how they understand and feel about radiation. The foundations of these attitudes are formed through student education. Hence, it is necessary to explore nursing students' understanding and risk perception of radiation, and the nature of radiation education received. To assess the levels of understanding and risk perception of nursing students regarding radiation. Cross-sectional survey. A questionnaire survey was administered to all students (74 first-year, 79 second-year, 65 third-year, and 69 fourth-year students) in the nursing department of a Japanese national university.