The proportion of microembolic signal (MES) grades 3 and 4 was significantly higher in the constant RLS group than in the provoked RLS group. There were no statistical differences in the distribution of TOAST classification between the two groups. The constant RLS group showed a higher proportion of high-grade MES than the provoked RLS group.The constant RLS group showed a higher proportion of high-grade MES than the provoked RLS group. To assess the surgical outcomes of off-clamp open partial nephrectomy without renorrhaphy. In the era of robot-assisted surgeries, open partial nephrectomy remains a surgical option for  ≥ T1b renal tumours. Although the necessity of renal pedicle clamping and renorrhaphy in open partial nephrectomy for larger tumours remains to be discussed, reports on this issue are rare. Twenty-seven open partial nephrectomies for  ≥ T1b renal tumours were performed without renal pedicle clamping or renorrhaphy. A soft coagulation system was used to control bleeding from the resection bed. Surgical results, complications, and predictors of perioperative estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) preservation at 1month and 3months after surgery were analysed. The median estimated volume of blood loss was 420mL. The rates of perioperative eGFR preservation were 88.9 and 87.3% at 1 and 3months after surgery, respectively. Tumour size was an independent predictor of perioperative eGFR preservation at 1month after surgerents with  ≥ T1b renal tumours. To evaluate the surgical outcomes of lung cancer patients with idiopathic interstitial pneumonia (IIP) and/or coronary artery disease (CAD). The subjects of this retrospective study were 2830 patients who underwent surgical resection for lung cancer between 2009 and 2018. Seventy-one patients (2.6%) had both IIP and CAD (FC group). The remaining patients were divided into those with IIP only (group F), those with CAD only (group C), and those without IIP or CAD (group N). We compared mortality and overall survival (OS) among the groups. The 90-day mortality and OS were poorer in group FC than in groups C and N, but equivalent to those in group F. Multivariate analyses revealed that IIP (odds ratio [OR] 3.163; p = 0.001) and emphysema (2.588; p = 0.009) were predictors of 90-day mortality. IIP (OR 2.991, p < 0.001), diabetes (OR 1.241, p = 0.043), and a history of other cancers (OR 1.347, p = 0.011) were all predictors of OS. Short-term and long-term mortality after lung cancer surgery were not dependent on coexistent CAD but were related to IIP. Thus, computed tomography (CT) should be done preoperatively to check for IIP, which is a risk factor for surgical mortality.Short-term and long-term mortality after lung cancer surgery were not dependent on coexistent CAD but were related to IIP. Thus, computed tomography (CT) should be done preoperatively to check for IIP, which is a risk factor for surgical mortality.This paper explores the gray area of questionable research practices (QRPs) between responsible conduct of research and severe research misconduct in the form of fabrication, falsification, and plagiarism (Steneck in SEE 12(1) 53-57, 2006). Up until now, we have had very little knowledge of disciplinary similarities and differences in QRPs. The paper is the first systematic account of variances and similarities. Roscovitine clinical trial It reports on the findings of a comprehensive study comprising 22 focus groups on practices and perceptions of QRPs across main areas of research. The paper supports the relevance of the idea of epistemic cultures (Knorr Cetina in Epistemic cultures how the sciences make knowledge, Harvard University Press, Cambridge, 1999), also when it comes to QRPs. It shows which QRPs researchers from different areas of research (humanities, social sciences, medical sciences, natural sciences, and technical sciences) report as the most severe and prevalent within their fields. Furthermore, it shows where in the research process these self-reported QRPs can be found. This is done by using a five-phase analytical model of the research process (idea generation, research design, data collection, data analysis, scientific publication and reporting). The paper shows that QRPs are closely connected to the distinct research practices within the different areas of research. Many QRPs can therefore only be found within one area of research, and QRPs that cut across main areas often cover relatively different practices. In a few cases, QRPs in one area are considered good research practice in another.Dynorphin (DYN) is an endogenous neurosecretory peptide which exerts its activity by binding to the family of G protein-coupled receptors, namely the kappa opioid receptor (KOR). Opioids are associated with pain, analgesia, and drug abuse, which play a central role in mood disorders with monoamine neurotransmitter interactions. Growing evidence demonstrates the cellular signaling cascades linked to KOR-mediated monoamine transporters regulation in cell models and native brain tissues. This chapter will review DYN/KOR role in mood and addiction in relevance to dopaminergic and serotonergic neurotransmissions. Also, we discuss the recent findings on KOR-mediated differential regulation of serotonin and dopamine transporters (SERT and DAT). These findings led to a better understanding of the role of DYN/KOR system in aminergic neurotransmission via its modulatory effect on both amine release and clearance. Detailed knowledge of these processes at the molecular level enables designing novel pharmacological reagents to target transporter motifs to treat mood and addiction and reduce unwanted side effects such as aversion, dysphoria, sedation, and psychomimesis.Conjunctivitis is a frequent disease of the eye with the typical clinical sign being the "red eye" and comprises a very heterogeneous group with different causes. In general, infectious conjunctivitis must be strictly differentiated from non-infectious conjunctivitis. Allergic conjunctivitis is a subtype of non-infectious conjunctivitis and imposes as an acute, intermittent or chronic, inflammation which is most frequently caused by airborne allergens. The leading clinical sign is chemosis, and patients typically complain about itching. Allergic conjunctivitis is often a reaction to topical and systemic drugs or cosmetics as well as animal hairs from cats and/or dogs. Allergic conjunctivitis is sub-classified into the following forms seasonal allergic conjunctivitis (also termed hay fever conjunctivitis), atopic conjunctivitis, vernal conjunctivitis, upper limbal (kerato-) conjunctivitis, and conjunctivitis associated with various oculomucocutaneous syndromes. In each form, there are distinctive features in clinical appearance, generating agent(s), as well as treatment as listed here.