IIH arises from a chronic cause that does not impair the volumetric balance between structures inside the intracerebral cavity.IIH arises from a chronic cause that does not impair the volumetric balance between structures inside the intracerebral cavity. To review variations of flanged intraocular lens fixation (Yamane technique) and their outcomes. Sutureless intrascleral IOL fixation has become popular, and many techniques have been reported. Among them, the Yamane technique has been widely used in recent years, and there are many variations. However, there are no reports that systematically compare them. There are variations of the Yamane technique, such as those used to create a scleral tunnel or to dock needles and haptics. Although few reports have directly compared each technique, small scleral wounds appear to be beneficial for long-term stability of the IOL. A method of fixing a capsule tension segment or iris using a flange has also been reported, demonstrating the diverse range of uses of the flange.There are variations of the Yamane technique, such as those used to create a scleral tunnel or to dock needles and haptics. Although few reports have directly compared each technique, small scleral wounds appear to be beneficial for long-term stability of the IOL. selleck compound A method of fixing a capsule tension segment or iris using a flange has also been reported, demonstrating the diverse range of uses of the flange. There are several different approaches to handling regular and irregular astigmatism during cataract surgery, but still much debate on which solutions are most effective given unique patient circumstances. In this review, we examine recent literature and studies to highlight some of the most effective ways to plan preoperatively, manage regular and irregular astigmatism during cataract surgery, as well as managing postoperative complications. Recent developments in technology have provided increased courses of action for astigmatism management during cataract surgery. Additional options of toric IOLs with presbyopic platforms, light adjustable lenses, intraocular pinhole lenses, online technological tools and platforms, wavefront or topographic laser technology, and phototherapeutic keratectomy are all effective solutions to managing regular and irregular astigmatism. In this review, we will explore optimal approaches for unique situations. With increased technology, research, and methods, correcting regular and irregular astigmatism during cataract surgery is achievable in most patients. With in-depth preoperative planning, analysis of patient-specific factors, and a tailored approach, surgeons can obtain excellent uncorrected vision for patients.With increased technology, research, and methods, correcting regular and irregular astigmatism during cataract surgery is achievable in most patients. With in-depth preoperative planning, analysis of patient-specific factors, and a tailored approach, surgeons can obtain excellent uncorrected vision for patients. Prevention and management of postcataract endophthalmitis remain quite relevant for anterior segment and vitreoretinal surgeons. Although the Endophthalmitis Vitrectomy Study, published in 1996, remains the only level 1 evidence for the management of postcataract endophthalmitis, recent advances have resulted in an evolution of practice patterns. The aim of this review is to summarize the literature regarding postcataract endophthalmitis with a focus on the last 18 months. The IRIS registry indicates the rates of endophthalmitis are decreasing in the United States, and the outcomes appear to be improving. Intracameral moxifloxacin has become more widely accepted and intracameral vancomycin has been shown to be associated with retinal vasculitis. The role of systemic antibiotics and vitrectomy is unclear and practice patterns vary widely. Although practice patterns vary, prevention and treatment of endophthalmitis after cataract surgery continues to improve. More uniform guidelines regarding surgical and medical therapy are necessary but the standard of prompt referral to a vitreoretinal specialist for immediate intravitreal antibiotics remains the most important intervention in the management of postcataract endophthalmitis.Although practice patterns vary, prevention and treatment of endophthalmitis after cataract surgery continues to improve. More uniform guidelines regarding surgical and medical therapy are necessary but the standard of prompt referral to a vitreoretinal specialist for immediate intravitreal antibiotics remains the most important intervention in the management of postcataract endophthalmitis. During prolonged spaceflight, astronauts often experience ocular changes, due to constant head-ward fluid shifts in space as compared with Earth. This article reviews symptoms, likely causes, and potential solutions, such as lower body negative pressure, to counteract space-associated neuroocular syndrome (SANS). Low gravity conditions and other aspects of spaceflight affect the eye detrimentally, causing SANS which is characterized by optic disc edema, choroidal thickening, cotton wool spots, and a hyperopic shift. SANS is probably caused by altered hemodynamic flows in the head and neck as well as mildly elevated intracranial and intraocular pressures. Carbon dioxide and other chemicals in space-craft may influence SANS as well. SANS may be counteracted by using lower body negative pressure, thigh cuffs, spacecraft engineering, and/or artificial gravity by a centrifuge. Prolonged space missions are associated with optic disc edema, choroidal thickening, cotton wool spots, and a hyperopic shift. Possible causes and countermeasures are currently being researched to reduce the risk of SANS. Although many countermeasures to SANS are under investigation lower body negative pressure exhibits great promise in counteracting the headward fluid shifts in space. Understanding and prevention of SANS is critical to future space exploration, especially to long-duration missions to the moon and Mars.Prolonged space missions are associated with optic disc edema, choroidal thickening, cotton wool spots, and a hyperopic shift. Possible causes and countermeasures are currently being researched to reduce the risk of SANS. Although many countermeasures to SANS are under investigation lower body negative pressure exhibits great promise in counteracting the headward fluid shifts in space. Understanding and prevention of SANS is critical to future space exploration, especially to long-duration missions to the moon and Mars.