The vast majority of the children developed an insecure attachment to their parent (76 %), especially of the disorganized type (51 %). Finally, beyond neglect, which was no longer associated with DSEB in the final model, we found that the more the parent showed disconnected and extremely insensitive behavior (R = .10), in particular withdrawn behavior, the more the children exhibited DSEB. Albeit of a small magnitude, we suggest that the quality of parental behavior could play a role in children's development and recovery of DSEB.Albeit of a small magnitude, we suggest that the quality of parental behavior could play a role in children's development and recovery of DSEB. The study used optical coherence tomography (OCT) and micro Raman microscopy (mRM) to investigate internal defect (ID) and degree of conversion (DC) of two bulk-fill composite systems with high-irradiance or conventional light polymerization settings. The ID and DC of the new bulk-fill composites; Tetric PowerFill (PwrPst) and Tetric PowerFlow (PwrFlw) were compared with the predecessor bulk-fill composites; Tetric EvoCeram Bulkfill (EvoPst) and Tetric EvoFlow Bulkfill (EvoFlw), using LED light curing unit in two settings; normal (LED-Nrm 1000 mW/cm , 10-s) or PowerCure (LED-Pwr 3000 mW/cm , 3-s). ID formation was observed in bonded cylindrical composite cavities (4-mm depth, 3-mm diameter) using Yoshida Dental OCT. From the vertically projected 2D image, ID area percentage (ID-A%) was calculated. DC at the top and bottom and bottom/top DC ratio (DC-R%) of 4-mm thick discs was calculated using mRM. All data were statistically analyzed at significance level of α = 0.05. Flowable composites in LED-Pwr showed smaller ID frequencies than other groups (PwrFlw 0/8, EvoFlw 2/8) (p < 0.05). Composite type significantly affected ID-A%, DC and DC-R% (p < 0.001), while light settings significantly affected ID-A% but not DC and DC-R% (p > 0.05). In both light settings, EvoPst showed the lowest DC-R% (<80%). Internal defect and degree of conversion of bulk-fill composites were affected by their composition and light settings. There was a tendency for less defects and better polymerization for the flowable bulk-fills. The new flowable bulk-fill composite with 3-seconds high irradiance light curing showed no defect formation.Internal defect and degree of conversion of bulk-fill composites were affected by their composition and light settings. There was a tendency for less defects and better polymerization for the flowable bulk-fills. The new flowable bulk-fill composite with 3-seconds high irradiance light curing showed no defect formation.Early detection of dental caries and variations in composition/structure of both enamel and dentin represents an important issue in modern dentistry. Demineralization has been associated to teeth discoloration, development of caries, and formation of cavities. In this study, we systematically monitored the processes of demineralization/remineralization in dentin samples by means of three different spectroscopic techniques, namely, Raman spectroscopy, X-Ray Photo-electron spectroscopy (XPS), and X-Ray Diffractometry (XRD). Bovine dentin samples were first exposed to acidic solutions and their structure systematically monitored as a function of time and pH. Then, the samples were rinsed in artificial saliva to simulate remineralization. The above three spectroscopic techniques provided quantitative structural information spanning from the nanometer to the millimeter scale of sample penetration depth. An irreversible level of demineralization was reached when dentin was exposed to pH 2 beyond a time thresho demineralization in vivo and provide quantitative working algorithms for the prevention of oral caries. To define the trends in acute mastoiditis (AM) incidence, microbiology, complications and management in children, before and after the 13-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PVC13) introduction. Medical records of all AM patients <15 years of age diagnosed during 2005-2016 were reviewed. The study years were divided into three periods pre-vaccination (2005-2008), interim (2009-2011) and post-PCV13 vaccination (2012-2016). 238 patients (53.4% males) were enrolled, 81, 56 and 101 in the 3 time periods, respectively. Overall, 177/238 (75.2%) of children were <5 years of age. Mean AM incidence in the whole population was 10.32/100,000, with no changes during the study years. Ninety-three (45.6%) of 204 evaluable patients had positive middle ear fluid/mastoid cultures; S. pneumoniae (SP) was isolated in 47/93 (50.5%) cases. Mean incidence of SP-AM during the study years was 2.49 cases/100,000. A trend for decrease in mean incidence of SP-AM was recorded between the pre and the post-vaccination perio SP-AM while non-vaccine serotypes and culture negative-AM became more common in the postvaccination period.The subcutaneous space has been shown to be a suitable site for islet transplantation, however an abundance of islets is required to achieve normoglycemia, often requiring multiple donors. The loss of islets is due to the hypoxic conditions islets experience during revascularization, resulting in apoptosis. Bortezomib Therefore, to reduce the therapeutic dosage required to achieve normoglycemia, pre-vascularization of the subcutaneous space has been pursued. In this study, we highlight a biomaterial-based approach using a methacrylic acid copolymer coating to generate a robust pre-vascularized subcutaneous cavity for islet transplantation. We also devised a simple, but not-trivial, procedure for filling the cavity with an islet suspension in collagen. We show that the pre-vascularized site can support a marginal mass of islets to rapidly return streptozotocin-induced diabetic SCID/bg mice to normoglycemia. Furthermore, immunocompetent Sprague Daley rats remained normoglycemia for up to 70 days until they experienced graft destabilization as they outgrew their implants. This work highlights methacrylic acid-based biomaterials as a suitable pre-vascularization strategy for the subcutaneous space that is scalable and doesn't require exogenous cells or growth factors.