Although the literature on the relationship between economic growth and CO2 emissions is extensive, the use of machine learning (ML) tools remains seminal. In this paper, we assess this nexus for Italy using innovative algorithms, with yearly data for the 1960-2017 period. We develop three distinct models the batch gradient descent (BGD), the stochastic gradient descent (SGD), and the multilayer perceptron (MLP). Despite the phase of low Italian economic growth, results reveal that CO2 emissions increased in the predicting model. Compared to the observed statistical data, the algorithm shows a correlation between low growth and higher CO2 increase, which contradicts the main strand of literature. Based on this outcome, adequate policy recommendations are provided.In this paper, we investigate the impact of energy use and economic policy uncertainties on the environment. To achieve this objective, we use the pooled mean group-autoregressive distributed lag methodology (PMG-ARDL) and Dumitrescu and Hurlin causality test on 22 Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) countries between 1985 and 2017. The PMG-ARDL estimation shows that energy use and economic policy uncertainties have a positive relationship with carbon dioxide emission (CO2) emission, while a negative relationship is confirmed between renewable and CO2 emissions in the long run. The short-run estimation shows a positive relationship between energy use, real gross domestic product, and per capita on CO2 emissions. The Dumitrescu and Hurlin causality results highlight a unidirectional running from real GDP and GDP per capita square to CO2 emissions. Furthermore, one-way causality exists between CO2 emissions to economic policy uncertainties. These results have policy implications on the macroeconomy which are discussed in detail in the concluding section.Bismuth vanadate (BiVO4) nanostructured films were prepared and successfully applied for peroxymonosulfate (PMS) activation for the degradation of rhodamine B (RhB) in aqueous solution. The BiVO4 thin films were obtained by thermal reaction between electrodeposited bismuth (Bi) films and vanadium precursor. The as-prepared BiVO4 porous, nanoflowers, and cluster nanostructures were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Raman spectroscopy, and BET analysis. The catalytic performance of BiVO4 nanostructures has been carefully evaluated in activating PMS for the degradation of RhB. The nanoflower-like BiVO4 nanostructures exhibit the best catalytic activity. Under optimized conditions, the complete catalytic degradation of RhB using BiVO4 nanoflowers/PMS system was achieved in 17 min at room temperature as revealed by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analysis. find more Quenching experiments suggested that sulfate radicals are the main active species in the degradation process. Additionally, BiVO4 catalyst remained stable without any apparent activity loss after five cycling runs.A central need in the field of astrobiology is generalized perspectives on life that make it possible to differentiate abiotic and biotic chemical systems McKay (2008). A key component of many past and future astrobiological measurements is the elemental ratio of various samples. Classic work on Earth's oceans has shown that life displays a striking regularity in the ratio of elements as originally characterized by Redfield (Redfield 1958; Geider and La Roche 2002; Eighty years of Redfield 2014). The body of work since the original observations has connected this ratio with basic ecological dynamics and cell physiology, while also documenting the range of elemental ratios found in a variety of environments. Several key questions remain in considering how to best apply this knowledge to astrobiological contexts How can the observed variation of the elemental ratios be more formally systematized using basic biological physiology and ecological or environmental dynamics? How can these elemental ratios be generalized beyond the life that we have observed on our own planet? Here, we expand recently developed generalized physiological models (Kempes et al. 2012, 2016, 2017, 2019) to create a simple framework for predicting the variation of elemental ratios found in various environments. We then discuss further generalizing the physiology for astrobiological applications. Much of our theoretical treatment is designed for in situ measurements applicable to future planetary missions. We imagine scenarios where three measurements can be made-particle/cell sizes, particle/cell stoichiometry, and fluid or environmental stoichiometry-and develop our theory in connection with these often deployed measurements. To retrospectively assess the diagnostic performance of grey-scale ultrasound (US) characteristics and gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase (GGT) alone or combined in distinguishing biliary atresia (BA) from other cholestasis diseases in infants younger than 30 days. Between January 2012 and October 2020, the demographic characteristics, laboratory results and US characteristics of 35 BA and 52 non-BA infants younger than 30 days were retrospectively evaluated. Areas under the receiver operating characteristic curves (AUCs) were used to estimate the probability of predicting BA, which were compared by DeLong test. The diagnostic performance of gallbladder classification in identifying BA was higher than that of fibrotic cord thickness (AUC 0.900 vs. 0.771, P = 0.03). With the cutoff level of 188 IU/L, serum GGT had a sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV), and negative predictive value (NPV) of 77.1%, 69.2%, 62.8%, and 81.8%, respectively. Combined with gallbladder classification and GGT, the sensitivity, specificity, PPV, NPV and accuracy were 100.0%, 63.5%, 64.8%, 100.0% and 78.2%. Gallbladder classification was more valuable than fibrotic cord thickness in the diagnosis of BA among infants less than 30 days. Combined with gallbladder classification and GGT, the sensitivity for the diagnosis of BA can reach 100.0%.Gallbladder classification was more valuable than fibrotic cord thickness in the diagnosis of BA among infants less than 30 days. Combined with gallbladder classification and GGT, the sensitivity for the diagnosis of BA can reach 100.0%.