A clinically significant hearing improvement (> 10dB) was seen in 18 patients (58.1%) in the initial-protocol group and in 14 patients (41.9%) in the revised-protocol group. A comparison of the hearing outcomes between protocol groups revealed no statistically significant differences (p > 0.05). These results indicate that a shorter injection interval does not lead to better hearing outcomes in ITS salvage treatment for ISSNHL. Moreover, fewer ITS injections may reduce costs, physical/mental stress of the patients and lower the risk of persistent tympanic perforations.These results indicate that a shorter injection interval does not lead to better hearing outcomes in ITS salvage treatment for ISSNHL. Moreover, fewer ITS injections may reduce costs, physical/mental stress of the patients and lower the risk of persistent tympanic perforations.To review the early and intermediate outcomes of patients with transposition of the great arteries (TGA) and intramural coronary artery (IMCA) who underwent arterial switch operation (ASO) at our center. Among 450 patients with TGA who underwent an ASO between 2010 and 2018, 26 (5.8%) patients were identified with IMCA. The left coronary artery was intramural in 21 of 26 patients. We adopted coronary transfer using double coronary buttons with unroofed intramural course for all 26 patients. read more Early mortality for patients with IMCA was 3 of 26 (11.5%) compared with 10 of 424 (2.4%) for those without IMCA (p = 0.007). Six patients suffered major adverse events, including extracorporeal membrane oxygenation support in 3 patients, delayed sternal closure in 6 patients. The follow-up was available for all 23 survivors, with the mean follow-up period of 73.5 ± 28.7 months. There was no late death and reinterventions, and all patients were asymptomatic at last follow-up. One patient exhibited moderate neopulmonary regurgitation, and 1 patient presented with distal stenosis of the right pulmonary artery. Coronary transfer using double coronary buttons with unroofed intramural course was a good option for patients with TGA and IMCA. With this technique, ASO could be performed with optimal early and intermediate outcomes.Green synthesis of silver nanoparticles (SNPs) by harnessing the natural abilities of plant secondary metabolites has advantages over routine physical and chemical synthetic approaches due to their one-step experimental setup to reduce and stabilize the bulk silver into SNPs, biocompatible nature, and therapeutic significance. The unique size, shape, and biochemical functional corona of SNPs embellish them with the potential to perform therapeutic actions by adopting various mechanistic approaches including but not limited to the disruption of the electron transport chain, mitochondrial damage, DNA fragmentation, inhibition of ATP synthase activity, disorganization of the cell membrane, suspension of cellular signaling pathways, induction of apoptosis, and inhibition of enzymes activity. This review elaborates the biogenic synthesis of SNPs in redox chemical reactions by using plant secondary metabolites found in plant extracts. In addition, it explains the synergistic influence of physicochemical reaction parameters such as the temperature, pH, the concentration of the AgNO3, and the ratio of reactants to affect the reaction kinetics, molecular mechanics, enzymatic catalysis, and protein conformations that aid to affect the size, shape, and potential biochemical corona of nanoparticles. This review also provides up-to-date information on the mechanistic actions that embellish the plant-based SNPs, an anticancer, cytotoxic, antidiabetic, antimicrobial, and antioxidant potential. The mechanistic understanding of the therapeutic actions of SNPs will help in precision medicine to develop customized treatment and healthcare approaches for the welfare of the human population. KEY POINTS • Significance of the biogenic nanoparticles • Biomedical application potential of the plant-based silver nanoparticles • Mechanism of the anticancer, antidiabetic, and antimicrobial actions of the plant-based silver nanoparticles.Acetic acid fermentation involves the oxidation of ethanol to acetic acid via acetaldehyde as the intermediate and is catalyzed by the membrane-bound alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH) and aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH) of acetic acid bacteria. Although ADH depends on pyrroloquinoline quinone (PQQ), the prosthetic group associated with ALDH remains a matter of debate. This study aimed to address the dependency of ALDH of Gluconacetobacter diazotrophicus strain PAL5 on PQQ and the physiological role of ALDH in acetic acid fermentation. We constructed deletion mutant strains for both the ALDH gene clusters of PAL5, aldFGH and aldSLC. In addition, the adhAB operon for ADH was eliminated, since it shows ALDH activity. The triple-deletion derivative ΔaldFGH ΔaldSLC ΔadhAB failed to show ALDH activity, which suggested that ALDH activity in PAL5 is derived from these three enzyme complexes. Since the single-gene cluster deletion derivative ΔaldFGH lost most ALDH activity, and accumulated much higher acetaldehyde than wild type under acetic acid fermentation conditions, we concluded that AldFGH functions as the major ALDH in PAL5. Furthermore, deletion of the PQQ biosynthesis gene cluster (pqqABCDE) abolished ADH activity completely, but did not affect ALDH activity. Instead, the molybdopterin biosynthesis gene deletion derivatives lost ALDH activity. Thus, we concluded that the AldFGH and AldSLC complexes of Ga. diazotrophicus PAL5 require a form of molybdopterin but not PQQ for ALDH activity. KEY POINTS • AldFGH is the major aldehyde dehydrogenase in Gluconacetobacter diazotrophicus PAL5. • Acetaldehyde accumulated from ethanol in the absence of AldFGH. • Molybdopterin, rather than pyrroloquinoline quinone, is required for AldFGH.Over the past 20 years, demographic changes and a longer life expectancy of cancer patients has significantly increased the prevalence of this patient group in the intensive care unit (ICU). A fundamental finding is that acute organ dysfunction, rather than the underlying malignancy, determines the prognosis of ICU patients. While hematologic patients often suffer from a more severe disease course, patients with solid tumors do not present an increased hospital mortality compared to the normal population. As with other indications, the decision to transfer a cancer patient to an ICU should be made as soon as possible. While early transfer is associated with reduced hospital mortality, the presence of multiorgan failure on ICU admission is associated with increased mortality. Overall, the intensive care and hospital survival of critically ill hematologic or oncologic patients has improved over the last two decades and is now as high as 50 to 60%. After surviving an intensive care stay, one fifth of all patients have a good long-term prognosis.