Regulating the reactivity and equilibrium of a dynamic reaction is essential for adaptive chemistry and functional materials. Herein, cucurbituril-based host-guest interaction was embedded into the dynamic metathesis between diselenide and ditelluride to establish an equilibrium-adaptive system. In this system, cucurbit[6]uril (CB[6]) selectively bound with diselenide while cucurbit[7]uril (CB[7]) bound with not only diselenide but also ditelluride and exchange product. The dynamic nature of diselenide bond was locked after forming the inclusion complex with CB[6]. Based on this selective locking effect, the Se-Te products were reversed back to diselenide and ditelluride reactants, which was an equilibrium regulating process. Therefore, by combining CB[6]-based host-guest interaction and dynamic diselenide chemistry, the reactivity of diselenide bond and the equilibrium of Se-Te metathesis was successfully regulated.REV7 is involved in multiple biological processes including DNA damage tolerance, cell cycle regulation and gene expression, and is an accessory subunit of the mutation-prone DNA polymerase ζ. It has been reported that REV7 expression is associated with poor prognosis in several human cancers. The aim of this study is to investigate the significance of REV7 in lung carcinogenesis. Immunohistochemical analyses of surgically resected lung cancer specimens revealed that REV7 shows an increased expression in small cell lung carcinomas (SCLCs) when compared with other histological types of lung carcinoma. Association between REV7 expression levels and clinicopathological factors was investigated using SCLC cases with or without surgical resection. Our analyses revealed that high REV7 expression significantly correlated with tumor cell proliferation, assessed by Ki-67 labeling indices, and was negatively associated with distant metastasis and extensive-stage disease. No significant association was detected between REV7 expression and other factors, including prognosis or response to chemoradiotherapy in SCLC. Increase in REV7 expression in SCLC was confirmed using SCLC cell lines. In addition, siRNA-mediated depletion of REV7 activated the apoptotic pathway and suppressed cell growth in SCLC cells. These results suggest that REV7 plays an important role in tumor cell survival and proliferation in SCLC.Mutations in the short-chain enoyl-CoA hydratase (SCEH) gene, ECHS1, cause a rare autosomal recessive disorder of valine catabolism. Patients usually present with developmental delay, regression, dystonia, feeding difficulties, and abnormal MRI with bilateral basal ganglia involvement. We present clinical, biochemical, molecular, and functional data for four affected patients from two unrelated families of Samoan descent with identical novel compound heterozygous mutations. Family 1 has three affected boys while Family 2 has an affected daughter, all with clinical and MRI findings of Leigh syndrome and intermittent episodes of acidosis and ketosis. WES identified a single heterozygous variant in ECHS1 at position c.832G > A (p.Ala278Thr). However, western blot revealed significantly reduced ECHS1 protein for all affected family members. Endocrinology antagonist Decreased SCEH activity in fibroblasts and a mild increase in marker metabolites in urine further supported ECHS1 as the underlying gene defect. Additional investigations at the DNA (aCGH, WGS) and RNA (qPCR, RT-PCR, RNA-Seq, RNA-Array) level identified a silent, common variant at position c.489G > A (p.Pro163=) as the second mutation. This substitution, present at high frequency in the Samoan population, is associated with decreased levels of normally spliced mRNA. To our understanding, this is the first report of a novel, hypomorphic allele c.489G > A (p.Pro163=), associated with SCEH deficiency.Although systemic sex-specific differences in cardiovascular responses to exercise are well established, the comparison of sex-specific cerebrovascular responses to exercise has gone under-investigated especially, during high intensity exercise. Therefore, our purpose was to compare cerebrovascular responses in males and females throughout a graded exercise test (GXT). Twenty-six participants (13 Females and 13 Males, 24 ± 4 yrs.) completed a GXT on a recumbent cycle ergometer consisting of 3-min stages. Each sex completed 50W, 75W, 100W stages. Thereafter, power output increased 30W/stage for females and 40W/stage for males until participants were unable to maintain 60-80 RPM. The final stage completed by the participant was considered maximum workload(Wmax ). Respiratory gases (End-tidal CO2 , EtCO2 ), middle cerebral artery blood velocity (MCAv), heart rate (HR), non-invasive mean arterial pressure (MAP), cardiac output (CO), and stroke volume (SV) were continuously recorded on a breath-by-breath or beat-by-beat basis. Cerebral perfusion pressure, CPP = MAP (0. 7,355 distance from heart-level to doppler probe) and cerebral vascular conductance index, CVCi = MCAv/CPP 100mmHg were calculated. The change from baseline (Δ) in MCAv was similar between the sexes during the GXT (p = .091, ωp2 = 0.05). However, ΔCPP (p less then .001, ωp2 = 0.25) was greater in males at intensities ≥ 80% Wmax and ΔCVCi (p = .005, ωp2 = 0.15) was greater in females at 100% Wmax . Δ End-tidal CO2 (ΔEtCO2 ) was not different between the sexes during exercise (p = .606, ωp2 = -0.03). These data suggest there are sex-specific differences in cerebrovascular control, and these differences may only be identifiable at high and severe intensity exercise.Somatic hotspot DICER1 mutations, which frequently coexist with germline inactivating mutation (i.e., DICER1 syndrome), have been identified in various types of benign and malignant conditions. Herein, we report an autopsy case of prostatic rhabdomyosarcoma (RMS) with a hotspot DICER1 c.5125G>A (p.D1709N) mutation. A 26 year-old man presented with a prostatic mass, hematuria, and urinary retention. He underwent total pelvic exenteration, colostomy, ileal conduit construction and partial urethrectomy. Five months postoperatively, he developed multiple metastases to the lungs, brain, iliopsoas muscles and bones. He died of respiratory failure, and autopsy was performed. Microscopically, the tumor was primarily composed of uniform primitive mesenchymal cells infiltrating to the prostate with cambium layer. Rhabdomyoblasts and anaplastic cells were focally observed. Immunohistochemically, tumor cells were positive for desmin, myogenin, PAX7, HMGA2. Multinodular goiter was detected at autopsy. Because the morphology is similar to pleuropulmonary blastoma and DICER1-mutant RMS of the female genital tract, we tested and identified a hotspot DICER1 mutation with Sanger sequencing.