Displaced intra-articular calcaneus fractures (DIACF) Sanders type IV represent a challenge in its management and questions remain about the best treatment option available. This study aimed to compare the outcomes of primary subtalar arthrodesis (PSTA) and osteosynthesis in these fractures. Studies concerning DIACF Sanders type IV, from 2005 to 2020 were systematically reviewed. Only studies evaluating functional outcomes with American Orthopaedic Foot & Ankle Society ankle-hindfoot (AOFAS) score were admitted allowing for results comparison. In total, 9 studies met the inclusion criteria. #link# selleckchem reported on the results of 142 patients, from which 41 submitted to PSTA and 101 to osteosynthesis, with an average follow-up period over 2 years. We found a significant moderate negative correlation between the reported AOFAS score and the Coleman Methodology Score obtained. Late subtalar arthrodesis was 13.63% of the total osteosynthesis performed. Clinical outcomes after PSTA and osteosynthesis, for the treatment of Sanders type IV fractures, do not seem very different, yet careful data interpretation is crucial. Additional powered randomized controlled trials are necessary to assess which surgical strategy is better.Clinical outcomes after PSTA and osteosynthesis, for the treatment of Sanders type IV fractures, do not seem very different, yet careful data interpretation is crucial. Additional powered randomized controlled trials are necessary to assess which surgical strategy is better. The primary aim of this study was to investigate the effects of the Nordic hamstring exercise (NH ) on sprint performance (i.e., 5, 10 and 20m) and explore associations between study characteristics and sprint outcomes in team sport players. Secondary aims were to (1) investigate the effects of the NH on eccentric strength of the knee flexors (ES ) with categorical subgroup analysis to determine differences between recreationally, well-trained individuals and young athletes, (2) determine the relation between ES and sprint performance in team sport players, and (3) explore the effect of study characteristics (i.e., weekly volume, time duration and body mass) on ES . Electronic databases were searched until the 20th of June 2020. 17 studies met the inclusion criteria. Random-effects meta-analyses were used to determine the mean difference (MD) or standardized change of mean difference (SCMD) between NH and control group for sprint time and ES , respectively. NH interventions showed a positivethat training programs involving the NHE can have small beneficial effects on sprint performance in team sport players. Studies with some concerns or high risk of bias showed moderate beneficial effects on ESKF among a sample of relatively untrained individuals. However, for well-trained team sport players, the improvements in ESKF were less consistent, suggesting a higher training intensity during the NHE may be required to induce adaptations.Testis-sparing surgery (TSS) has been increasingly used for treating a variety of testicular tumors (TTs) in children. However, the indications and feasibility associated with TSS remain uncertain. This study aimed to present the clinical outcomes of TSS in children with TTs. The PubMed, Cochrane Library, and Embase databases were reviewed for relevant articles on the clinical outcomes of TSS in children. Recurrence rate, benign rate, rate of TSS and its 95% confidence interval (CI) were calculated. A total of nine relevant studies with 320 patients were included in this study. The recurrence rate was 5.8% (95% CI 2.3%-14.1%), benign rate was 70.9% (95% CI 56.3%-82.1%), the rate of TSS (RTSS) was 36.2% (95% CI 26.1%-47.8%), RTSS in benign tumor was 48.4% (95% CI 34.3%-62.9%) and rate of elevated AFP was 29.3% (95% CI 19.7%-41.3%) in children with TTs. Regarding the distribution of TTs, 159 (49.6%) were teratomas, 74 (23.1%) were yolk sac tumors, 36 (11.3%) were epidermoid cysts, 3 (0.9%) were rhabdomyosarcomas, 7 (2.2%) were leydig cell tumor, 6 (1.8%) were sex-cord stromal tumor, 8(2.5%) were mixed malignant germ cell tumors, 3(0.9%) were hemangioma, and 4(1.3%) were adrenal rest tumors. The findings of this meta-analysis suggested that most of the TTs in children were benign, and the most common histologic subtype was teratoma. TSS should be provided to children with benign lesions. This study confirmed that very low rates of tumor recurrence were observed in children with TTs. The gut microbiota is known to play a key role in autoimmune diseases. To identify and compare the characteristics in the gut microbial composition of patients with alopecia areata (AA) and healthy controls (HCs). In a cross-sectional discovery cohort, we enrolled 33 patients with AA and 35 HCs from the same geographic location in Shanghai, China. The 16S rRNA gene sequencing and bioinformatic analyses were conducted to analyze DNA extracted from the subjects. The α-diversity of the AA group demonstrated no statistically significant differences compared with the HC group (P > 0.05). However, the overall gut microbial communities in the AA group were distinct from the HCs (P = 0.0096). We also adopted a random forest model to select three AA-associated OTU biomarkers OTU1237(Achromobacter), OTU257(Megasphaera), and OTU1784(Lachnospiraceae Incertae Sedis). The overall gut microbial composition for AA was distinct from that of HCs. The gut microbial markers we identified may potentially be used for earlier diagnosis and as therapeutic targets.The overall gut microbial composition for AA was distinct from that of HCs. The gut microbial markers we identified may potentially be used for earlier diagnosis and as therapeutic targets. To understand and report the perceived impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on radiology residents in Saudi Arabia with respect to their education, clinical activities, and personal well-being. The survey questionnaire was designed by a team of experts based on a review of the literature and was distributed electronically through the Saudi Commission for Health Specialties to residents registered in all radiology residency training programs in Saudi Arabia during the academic year 2019 to 2020. Categorical variables were presented as counts and percentage. Numerical variables were presented as mean and standard deviation if normally distributed. Chi-square testing was used to compare categorical variables with the perceived impact of the COVID-19 pandemic. Spearman correlation was used to correlate numerical variables at the level of significance p-value < 0.05. A total of 109 residents completed the online survey during the study period, with a response rate of 32.2% (109/337). The mean age was 27.3 years (standard deviation, 1.