tion speed, aggregation index, and aggregation percentage) in patients with NIDDM. was known to have potential antioxidant activities because it contains of ( and ). The antioxidant properties contributed to the hepatoprotective effect by binding to free radicals compound that causes oxidative stress and necrosis in thehepatocytes. The research aimed to determine the hepatorepair effects of the ethanol extract onhigh-dose paracetamol-induced hepatic damage in Wistar rats. This research used a true experimental method. Thirty white male rats were divided into sixth groups, i.e.,normal control group, group II-VI was induced paracetamol 2,000mg/kg BW for three days. After paracetamol-induced, group III-VI was treated with curcumin 800mg/kg BW, extract 400, 800, and 1,200mg/kg BW for seven days. The hepatorepair parameter was obtained from AST/ALT, MDA tissue levels, and the number of hepatocyte necrosis cells. The data results were analyzed using the ANOVA test, followed by the LSD test to determine the difference between each treatment. The results showed that significantly (p<0.05) decreased the AST levels, MDA levels and the number of hepatocyte necrosis cells at a dose of 800mg/kg BW per orally treatment. ethanol extract repaired the hepatic damage induced by paracetamol.The E. mathaei ethanol extract repaired the hepatic damage induced by paracetamol. The aim of this study was to identify the patterns of medication load, its medication burden, coordination of healthcare and patient's understanding of their conventional cardiac medications and related herbal-derived preparations. The study is a mixed-method both, quantitative and qualitative approach, which involved Filipino elderly patients (n=69) enrolled in the outpatient service of the National Center for Geriatric Health, Manila. Data were gathered through face-to-face surveys and interviews using a semi-structured questionnaire. Descriptive statistics were used during data analysis. Thematic analysis was also used to emphasize patterns in the responses of the participants. Respondents were knowledgeable on the name (86.9%), visual characteristics (78.3%), and indication and administration of their medicine (88.4%). The frequency of their doctor's information on the possible side effects of the medicines was noted. The almost negligible difference in the proportions of those who asserted during tn of pharmacists' care for geriatric health must be strengthened and highly recommended. Supervision by the healthcare professionals, particularly by the pharmacists, must be fully established.The majority of the elderly patients recognized the purpose and extent of medication. It was noted that pharmacists play a limited role in understanding selected Filipino elderly patients on their medication. Lack of communication between the patient and the pharmacist was noted as preliminary findings in the study. Respondents were not yet informed of the responsibility of the pharmacist to provide information regarding their medication. Integration of pharmacists' care for geriatric health must be strengthened and highly recommended. Supervision by the healthcare professionals, particularly by the pharmacists, must be fully established. Ischemic stroke is known as a common causes of disability, lower psychological well-being as well as preventable death. The pathogenesis of ischemic stroke process becomes worse immediately after oxidative stress occurs. One of the flavonoids with antioxidant abilities is quercetin. selleck kinase inhibitor This study was aimed to investigate quercetin administration on the behavioral functions (motor and sensory) and expression of melanocortin-4 receptor (MC4R) in mice with ischemic stroke. Male ICR mice were divided into sham, stroke, stroke with quercetin 100, 150, and 200mg/kg. The stroke model was performed by blocking the left common carotid artery for 2h. Quercetin was intraperitoneally administered daily for seven days. Evaluation was conducted during two weeks after induction using ladder rung walking test and narrow beam test for motoric function and adhesive removal tape test for sensory function. On day-14 mice were sacrificed, MC4R expression in the dorsal striatum was determined using RT-PCR. Stroke decreased the motor, sensory function and MC4R mRNA expression in dorsal striatum. Quercetin improved motor and sensory function, and upregulated expression of MC4R. Quercetin administration after ischemic stroke improves behavioral function, possibly through the upregulation of MC4R in the brain.Quercetin administration after ischemic stroke improves behavioral function, possibly through the upregulation of MC4R in the brain. is one of the bacteria which causes nosocomial infection. eradication using antibiotics combined with rifampicin has shown good results, whereas, adjuvant rifampicin has long been hypothesized to improve the outcome of infection treatment. Resistant-rifampicin mutates in gene at some codons. This study was conducted to identify the mutation of gene in which was resistant toward rifampicin. In this study, isolates collected in the Microbiology Laboratory of Dr. Seotomo Surabaya Hospital during May-September 2019. Then, the dilution method was carried out to determine the minimum inhibition concentration for resistant-rifampicin and dilution to determine the inhibition zone diameter. After that, DNA extraction was carried out from rifampicin-susceptible isolates as a control and resistant-rifampicin isolates followed by identification of gene mutations by Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) and sequencing. There were nine isolates studied. They were four resistant-rifampicin isolates and four susceptible-rifampicin isolates. In four rifampicin-resistant isolates, the most frequent mutations that occurred was His-481 codon (75%) followed by the Ile-527 codon (25%). Rifampicin-susceptible isolates mutated in Pro-475 and Asn-474 codons. One rifampicin-resistant isolate had two mutations in codons Ile-527 and Asn-474. The type of mutation that causes the most rifampicin resistance was a missense mutation. The susceptible-rifampicin isolate experienced silent mutations. There was a relation between the type of missense mutation of gene and rifampin resistance.The type of mutation that causes the most rifampicin resistance was a missense mutation. The susceptible-rifampicin isolate experienced silent mutations. There was a relation between the type of missense mutation of rpoB gene and rifampin resistance.