BACKGROUND Environmental DNA and metabarcoding allow the identification of a mixture of species and launch a new era in bio- and eco-assessment. Many steps are required to obtain taxonomically assigned matrices from raw data. For most of these, a plethora of tools are available; each tool's execution parameters need to be tailored to reflect each experiment's idiosyncrasy. Adding to this complexity, the computation capacity of high-performance computing systems is frequently required for such analyses. To address the difficulties, bioinformatic pipelines need to combine state-of-the art technologies and algorithms with an easy to get-set-use framework, allowing researchers to tune each study. Software containerization technologies ease the sharing and running of software packages across operating systems; thus, they strongly facilitate pipeline development and usage. Likewise programming languages specialized for big data pipelines incorporate features like roll-back checkpoints and on-demand partial pipelinehancing the applicability of next-generation biodiversity assessment studies. © The Author(s) 2020. Published by Oxford University Press.BACKGROUND As drug development has globalized, trials have increasingly enrolled subjects from all parts of the world rather than just the United States and Western Europe. For antibacterial drug trials, understanding enrollment trends and regional differences is important for generalizability considerations. METHODS We retrospectively analyzed 42 phase 3 trials submitted to the Food and Drug Administration after 2001 for complicated urinary tract infection (cUTI), complicated intra-abdominal infection (cIAI), community-acquired bacterial pneumonia (CABP), and acute bacterial skin and skin structure infection (ABSSSI) (n=29,282 subjects). Enrollment numbers, demographics, clinical characteristics, and microbiological data were compared to identify temporal and geographic trends. RESULTS For cUTI, cIAI, and CABP trials, Eastern European enrollment greatly increased over the study period. For ABSSSI trials, North American enrollment increased. Demographic characteristics and regional microbiology among regions This work is written by (a) US Government employee(s) and is in the public domain in the US.Brown marmorated stink bug (Halyomorpha halys) (Stål) is a household nuisance pest that seeks shelter in buildings during the winter months. It has been found in a variety of cavities and spaces between building elements, as well as in the objects stored within buildings. This experiment examined the cavity tightness preferences for these insects as they settled in winter refugia. Adult overwintering H. halys were placed in two types of simulated refugia made from rigid material. Each type had a cavity of constant width, while one had a flat lid and constant tightness, and the other had a sloped lid that became tighter as insects moved inside. Adults were allowed to enter and settle, then their locations were recorded. In sloped lid cavities, H. halys tended to settle where the cavity tightness was between 4.5 and 5.5 mm. In the flat lid cavity boxes, H. halys tended to move all the way back. In both configurations, H. halys had a significant tendency to orient their heads towards the cavity entrance. A field comparison of cavity tightness in refugia with less rigid cardboard substrates was also performed, with spacers consisting of one or two layers of 3-mm cardboard. This comparison found differences in cavity selection by sex, with males more likely to pick single-spaced layers, and females more likely to select double-spaced layers. Understanding these preferences could be useful for collection, pest management, trap design, and study of impacts on structures. © The Author(s) 2020. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of Entomological Society of America. All rights reserved. For permissions, please e-mail journals.permissions@oup.com.BACKGROUND Severe hepatotoxicity in people with HIV receiving efavirenz (EFV) has been reported. We assessed the incidence and risk factors of hepatotoxicity in women of child-bearing age initiating EFV-containing regimens. METHODS In the PROMISE trial, ART-naïve pregnant women with HIV and CD4>350 and ALT grade 3, or severe, hepatotoxicity with an incidence of 2.3 (95% confidence interval (CI) 2.0-2.6) per 100 person-years (PY). Events occurred between 1-132 weeks PP. Of those with severe hepatotoxicity, 8.2% (5/61) were symptomatic, and 3.3% (2/61) of those with severe hepatotoxicity died from EFV-related hepatotoxicity, one of whom was symptomatic. The incidence of liver-related mortality was 0.07 (95% CI 0.06-0.08) per 100 PY. In multivariable analysis, older age was associated with severe hepatotoxicity (adjusted hazard ratio per 5 years 1.35 CI 1.06-1.70). CONCLUSIONS Severe hepatotoxicity after EFV initiation occurred in 2.5% of women and liver-related mortality occurred in 3% of those with severe hepatotoxicity. The occurrence of fatal events underscores the need for safer treatments for women of childbearing age. © The Author(s) 2020. Published by Oxford University Press for the Infectious Diseases Society of America. All rights reserved. click here For permissions, e-mail journals.permissions@oup.com.BACKGROUND AND AIMS The prognosis of lymphoma that occur in patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is poorly known. METHODS A multicentre retrospective cohort analysis was done in 7 French tertiary centers from 1999 to 2019. Only lymphoma occurring in patients with previous established diagnosis of IBD were analyzed. The primary outcome was progression-free survival at 3 years. RESULTS 52 patients (male 65%, Crohn's Disease 79%, median age 48.3 years, median duration of IBD 10.1 years) were included, of whom 37 had been previously exposed to immunosuppressants and/or biologics for at least 3 months and 20 had primary intestinal lymphomas. The lymphoma histological types were diffuse large B-cell lymphomas (N=17), Hodgkin lymphomas (N=17), indolent B-cell lymphomas (N=12) and others including T-cell lymphomas, mantle cell lymphomas, and unclassifiable B-cell lymphoma (N=6). The median follow-up after lymphoma was 5.1 years (IQR 4-7.8). Progression-free survival at 3 years was 85% in the overall population (95% CI 75%-96%) with no significant difference between the exposed and unexposed group, 79% for patients exposed to immunosuppressants and/or biologics (95% CI 67%-94%) and 83% for patients diagnosed with primary intestinal lymphoma (95% CI 67%-100%).