The current study aimed to evaluate the efficiency of dietary nucleotides-supplementation on broiler chickens to alleviate the intestinal Clostridium perfringens (C. perfringens) levels and its adverse effect on gut and growth performance parameters. In this study, a total of 270 one-day-old mixed broiler chicks (Cobb 500) were randomly divided into six treatment groups with three replicates of 15 chicks/ replicate. Treatment 1 (CX), a negative control group was fed corn-soybean basal diet without added nucleotides. Treatment 2 (CN 0.05) and treatment 3 (CN 0.1), consisted of chicks were fed the basal diet with the addition of nucleotides on top at two levels (0.05 and 0.1%) respectively. Treatment 4 (PX), treatment 5 (PN 0.05), and treatment 6 (PN 0.1) consisted of chicks that were challenged with C. perfringens inoculum (~4 × 108 CFU/ml) on day 14, 15, 16 and 17of the experiment and were fed diets similar to treatments 1, 2, and 3 respectively. The trial continued for 35 days. At the end of the experiment, stomorphology which positively reflected on the growth performance of challenged birds.Most studies on guide dogs for the blind were conducted to investigate the appropriateness of the animals, including in terms of their breeding, constitution, and temperament. However, research to comprehend the stress status of guide dog candidates in response to their training has been unclear. In this study, the levels of serum cortisol, nerve growth factor (NGF), and magnesium ion (Mg2+) levels of guide dog candidates during the three training stages-the elementary, intermediate, and advanced classes-were examined. Dogs were classified based on the contents of the classes and period during the training in which they were subjected. Since the dogs in the elementary class had the lowest serum NGF and Mg2+ levels, they were understood to be under mental stress and to be unfamiliar with their new surroundings. In contrast, the serum NGF and Mg2+ levels were high in the dogs in the advanced class, though they were demonstrated to be mentally stable and acclimated to their environment. Additionally, they were almost free from the stress caused by daily life, since they had the lowest serum cortisol levels. The status of each dog was plotted on a map consisting of 2 axes representing the serum NGF and Mg2+ levels with high or low cortisol levels. Plots could be divided into three domains corresponding to the elementary, intermediate, and advanced classes. Therefore, for working dogs, serum NGF and Mg2+ levels in addition to serum cortisol levels may be important factors to comprehend the type of stress situation that each dog was in.Mimusops zeyheri is widely distributed in sub-Saharan Africa and its seed meal (MZSM) has a higher energy content than maize meal (MM). We evaluated the potential of MZSM to substitute MM in Japanese quail finisher diets by determining its effects on growth performance, feed intake (FI) and feed utilisation efficiency, abdominal fat deposition and carcass yield. In a completely randomised design thirty-two 5-weeks old male Japanese quail were allocated to four diets wherein MZSM replaced MM at 0%, 12.5%, 25% and 37.5% (gross energy basis) and fed ad libitum for 4 weeks. selleck compound Initial and weekly body weight, final body weight (FBW) and daily FI were measured. Body weight gain (BWG), average daily gain (ADG) and feed conversion ratio (FRC) were computed. At the end of the trial, following a 4-hour fast, the quail were weighed then humanely slaughtered and dressed. Carcass weight and dressing percent were determined. Abdominal fat was weighed. MZSM did not affect (P>0.05) the quail's FBW, BWG, ADG, FCR, carcass weight and dressing percent. MZSM at 37.5% inclusion decreased (P less then 0.0001) FI in weeks 1 and 2 and total FI of the quail. Dietary M. zeyheri seed meal decreased (P less then 0.0001) abdominal fat mass. Use of MZSM would be most economic at 37.5% inclusion because despite decreasing total FI, growth performance was similar to control. M. zeyheri seed meal can be used as a dietary energy source in Japanese quail finisher diets without compromising growth performance, feed utilisation efficiency and carcass yield.The need for making livestock products free from antibiotics residue and other synthetic chemicals has resulted to the use of herbal products in livestock production. A 42-day study was conducted to compare the influence of Yohimbe (Pausynistalia yohimbe) and Larvacide on the growth performance, blood profile and gut morphometry of broiler chickens. Two hundred and twenty five 14-day old broiler chickens were randomly allotted into five treatment groups comprising of forty five chicks each. The groups were triplicates of fifteen birds. The five treatment groups consist of Basal (control), Larvacide (5 mg/Kg), three levels of Yohimbe supplementation (60 mg, 120 mg, and 180 mg/Kg) diets. Each supplement was supplied with the specified diets for the two phases of feeding [starter diet (3-4weeks) and the finisher diet (5-8weeks)]. Data collected were subjected to One-way analysis of variance. Results show insignificant effect (p>0.05) on the growth performance parameters at the starter phase. However, at the finie chickens fed basal diet+60 mg Yohimbe had the highest WBC. Chickens fed basal diet+120 mg Yohimbe had the least ALT and uric acid. Triglyceride, and cholesterol, HDL and VLDL, were lowered (p less then 0.05) in chickens fed basal diet+Larcacide. Also, chickens fed basal diet+180 mg Yohimbe had the highest (p less then 0.05) villi height. The study concluded that feeding broiler chickens basal diet+180 mg Yohimbe improved optimum growth performance, blood profile and gut morphology.The adoption of genetically engineered (GE) crops in agriculture has increased dramatically over the last few decades. Among the transgenic plants, those tolerant to the herbicide glyphosate are among the most common. Weed resistance to glyphosate-based herbicides (GBHs) has been on the rise, leading to increased herbicide applications. This, in turn, has led to increased glyphosate residues in feed. Although glyphosate has been considered to be generally safe to animal health, recent studies have shown that GBHs have potential to cause adverse effects in animal reproduction, including disruption of key regulatory enzymes in androgen synthesis, alteration of serum levels of estrogen and testosterone, damage to reproductive tissues and impairment of gametogenesis. This review emphasizes known effects of GBHs on reproductive health as well as the potential risk GBH residues pose to animal agriculture.