Blood and/or operative cultures from bone and tissue debridement isolated Salmonella species in seven (35%) cases and methicillin-susceptible Staphylococcus aureus (MSSA) in two (10%). Six patients received antibiotic treatment prior to obtainment of cultures. Of culture-positive cases, MRI findings for OM were definitive or probable in six of nine (67%), suspected in three of nine (33%). Distinction between OM and sickle-related bone infarct or vasoocclusion is difficult based on imaging findings alone. Early attainment of blood and operative cultures increases the likelihood of identifying and adequately treating OM.Distinction between OM and sickle-related bone infarct or vasoocclusion is difficult based on imaging findings alone. Early attainment of blood and operative cultures increases the likelihood of identifying and adequately treating OM. Accumulating data have suggested seizures occur frequently in patients with neuronal surface antibody-mediated autoimmune encephalitis. We aimed to evaluate seizure outcomes and potential factors associated with the development of epilepsy in patients with anti-N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor (NMDAR), anti-leucine-rich glioma-inactivated 1 (LGI1), and anti-gamma-aminobutyric-acid B receptor (GABA R) encephalitis. Patients with anti-NMDAR, anti-LGI1, and anti-GABA R encephalitis were prospectively recruited from 2014 to June 2019, with a median follow-up period of 30.5months (range 8-67months). Seizure outcomes were assessed and risk factors of epilepsy were analyzed. A total of 119 patients with anti-NMDAR, anti-LGI1, and anti-GABA R encephalitis were included, and 83 (69.7%) of them developed new-onset seizures. By the end of follow-up, 17 (21.3%) of 80 patients had seizure relapses after intermittent seizure remission or exhibited uncontrolled seizure episodes, contributing to epilepsy. Immunotherapy delay and interictal epileptic discharges (IEDs) were identified to be associated with the development of epilepsy in patients with anti-NMDAR, anti-LGI1, and anti-GABA R encephalitis, particularly anti-NMDAR encephalitis. Furthermore, multivariate logistic regression analysis demonstrated that immunotherapy delay was an independent predictor for epilepsy. Our study suggested that immunotherapy delay and IEDs were associated with the development of epilepsy in patients with anti-NMDAR, anti-LGI1, and anti-GABA R encephalitis. Early diagnosis and treatment were required, and particular consideration should be given to patients with these risk factors.Our study suggested that immunotherapy delay and IEDs were associated with the development of epilepsy in patients with anti-NMDAR, anti-LGI1, and anti-GABAB R encephalitis. Early diagnosis and treatment were required, and particular consideration should be given to patients with these risk factors.Listeria monocytogenes is a foodborne pathogen that causes serious, often deadly, systemic disease in susceptible individuals such as neonates and the elderly. These facultative intracellular bacteria have been an invaluable tool in immunology research for more than three decades. Intravenous (i.v.) injection is the most commonly used transmission route in mice, but oral models of infection have also been developed in recent years, and these may be more appropriate for many studies. This article includes detailed instructions for use of either foodborne or i.v. inoculation of mice and discusses the rationale for choosing either model. Additionally, a protocol is provided for enrichment of neutrophils and monocytes from the infected liver in a manner that allows for determination of bacterial burden while still providing sufficient cells for use in flow cytometric analysis or in vitro assays. © 2020 Wiley Periodicals LLC. Basic Protocol 1 Foodborne L. monocytogenes infection Support Protocol 1 Preparing L. monocytogenes for foodborne infection Basic Protocol 2 Intravenous L. monocytogenes infection Support Protocol 2 Preparing L. monocytogenes for intravenous infection Basic Protocol 3 Enrichment of non-parenchymal cells from the infected liver. Work engagement is defined as a positive, fulfilling feeling about one's job and is associated with higher productivity and morale. We performed a cross-sectional study to investigate whether work engagement is related to healthier dietary behaviors among Japanese workers. The present study was part of the Japanese Study of Health, Occupation, and Psychosocial Factors Related to Equity. A validated food frequency questionnaire was used to evaluate daily nutritional intake. The following seven nutrients were considered salt intake, dietary fat (saturated fatty acids, monounsaturated fatty acids, and polyunsaturated fatty acids), dietary fiber, folate, and isoflavone. Multivariable linear regression analysis was performed, adjusting for job stress, psychological distress, and other confounders. The baseline survey inquired about work engagement among 2,233 employees of 12 workplaces in Japan, representing a range of industries. The mean age of the sample was 43.4±9.7years and 89.7% of the participants were male. The mean score of work engagement was 2.9±1.0. Higher work engagement was significantly positively associated with higher salt intake (β=0.17, SE=0.06, P=.006), monounsaturated fatty acids (β=0.29, SE=0.13, P=.03), polyunsaturated fatty acids (β=0.28, SE=0.09, P=.001), dietary fiber (β=0.23, SE=0.09, P=.012), and folate (β=10.2, SE=2.9, P=.005) consumption, but not saturated fatty acid (β=0.16, SE=0.11, P=.13) or isoflavone (β=0.64, SE=0.36, P=.072). The present study suggested that higher work engagement is associated with a healthier pattern of dietary behaviors among workers. find more Improving work engagement may be a novel target for workplace health promotion.The present study suggested that higher work engagement is associated with a healthier pattern of dietary behaviors among workers. Improving work engagement may be a novel target for workplace health promotion.The anaphylatoxins (AT) C3a and C5a are effector molecules of C3 and C5 exerting multiple biologic functions through binding and activation of their cognate G protein-coupled receptors. C3a interacts with the C3a receptor (C3aR), whereas C5a and its primary degradation product C5a-desArg engage C5aR1 and C5aR2. In the past, analysis of AT expression has been hampered by cross reaction of antibodies designed to recognize the different AT receptors. Furthermore, assessment of effects mediated by cell-specific activation has been difficult. Here, floxed AT receptor reporter mice are described as tools to monitor AT receptor expression in cells and tissues and to study the functions of C3a and C5a by cell-specific deletion of their cognate AT receptors. © 2020 The Authors. Basic Protocol 1 Genotyping of floxed GFP-C5aR1 knockin mice Support Protocol 1 Genotyping of LysMcre-C5ar1-/- mice Basic Protocol 2 Genotyping of floxed tdTomato-C3aR and -tdTomato-C5aR2 knockin mice Support Protocol 2 Preparation of genomic DNA Basic Protocol 3 Determination of C5aR1, C5aR2, and C3aR expression using floxed AT receptor reporter mice Support Protocol 3 Determination of C3aR expression using a C3aR-specific antibody Support Protocol 4 Determination of C5aR1, C5aR2, and C3aR mRNA expression in floxed GFP-C5aR1, floxed tdTomato-C5aR2 or -tdTomato C3aR positive cells Basic Protocol 4 Analysis of C5aR1-driven ERK1/2 phosphorylation in GFP-C5aR1+ cells Basic Protocol 5 Assessment of C3aR functions in cells obtained from floxed tdTomato-C3aR knockin mice- Determination of C3aR internalization Alternate Protocol C3a-induced increase in intracellular Ca2+ Basic Protocol 6 C5aR2-driven IFN-γ production from NK cells Support Protocol 5 Isolation of splenic NK cells by FACS.