These conclusions provide valuable clues to choose the most favorable solvent for the higher TTA upconversion efficiency in related applications.Aim To understand the phylogenomics, pathogenic/virulence-associated genes and genomic evolution of pathogenic Sporothrix species. Materials & methods We performed in silico comparative genome analysis of Sporothrix species using ab initio tools and in-house scripts. We predicted genes and repeats, compared genomes based on synteny, identified orthologous clusters, assessed genes family expansion/contraction, predicted secretory proteins and finally searched for similar sequences from various databases. Results The phylogenomics revealed that Sporothrix species are closely related to Ophiostoma species. The gene family evolutionary analysis revealed the expansion of genes related to virulence (CFEM domain, iron acquisition genes, lysin motif domain), stress response (Su[var]3-9, Enhancer-of-zeste and Trithorax domain and Domain of unknown function 1996), proteases (aspartic protease, x-pro dipeptidyl-peptidase), cell wall composition associated genes (chitin deacetylase, chitinase) and transporters (major facilitator superfamily transporter, oligo-peptide transporter family) in Sporothrix species. Conclusion The present study documents the putative pathogenic/virulence-associated genes in the Sporothrix species. Toenail dystrophies are among the most common diseases in adulthood. Onychomycosis is one of the most frequently observed infectious diseases of the nail. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of fungal agents in the etiology of nail dystrophies such as discoloration, thickening, subungual hyperkeratosis, and onycholysis in toenails and to emphasize the importance of diagnosis by other laboratory confirmation tests since various nail diseases may mimic onychomycosis. Nail samples taken from 53 patients who were admitted to the dermatology clinic with the complaint of toenail disorders were examined by using potassium hydroxide mount, fungal culture, and matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry methods. Each nail was photographed, and descriptive analysis of the data was performed. Of 53 patients included in the study, 39 were female (73.6%) and 14 were male (26.4%). The ages of the patients ranged from 14 to 70years, and the mean age was 37.8years. No fungi could be isolated in 17 (32%) patients with nail dystrophy, while fungal pathogens were observed in 36 (68%) patients on potassium hydroxide mount, culture, and matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry examinations. Among nondermatophyte molds, Aspergillus species (52.7%) were identified as the most common fungal pathogen causing onychomycosis. Although fungal pathogenic agents are mostly detected among the diseases causing color changes and deformities in the nails, it should be kept in mind that nail findings of systemic or other skin diseases may mimic onychomycosis and the diagnosis should be confirmed by laboratory tests in addition to clinical manifestations for accurate treatment. Other systemic diseases causing nail dystrophy were not questioned in the study.Other systemic diseases causing nail dystrophy were not questioned in the study.It remains challenging for pure-phase catalysts to achieve high performance during the electrochemical oxygen reduction reaction to overcome the sluggish kinetics without the assistance of extrinsic conditions. Herein, a series of pristine perovskites, i.e., AMnO3 (A = Ca, Sr, and Ba), are proposed with various octahedron stacking configurations to demonstrate the cooperative catalysis over SrMnO3 jointly explored by experiments and first-principles calculations. Comparing with the unitary stacking of coordination units in CaMnO3 or BaMnO3 , the intrinsic SrMnO3 with a mixture of corner-sharing and face-sharing octahedron stacking configurations demonstrates superior activity (Ehalf-wave = 0.81 V), and charge-discharge stability over 400 h without the voltage gap (≈0.8 V) increasing in zinc-air batteries. The theoretical study reveals that, on the SrMnO3 (110) surface, the active sites switch from coordinatively unsaturated atop Mn (*OO, *OOH) to Mn-Mn bridge (*O, *OH). Therefore, the intrinsic dual coordination environments of Mn-Ocorner and Mn-Oface enable cooperative modulation of the interaction strength of the oxygen intermediates with the surface, inducing the decrease of the *OH desorption energy (rate-limiting step) unrestricted by scaling relationships with the overpotential of ≈0.28 V. This finding provides insights into catalyst design through screening intrinsic structures with multiple coordination unit stacking configurations. To detect variants of ADAR1 gene in two Chinese pedigrees affected with dyschromatosis symmetrica hereditaria (DSH). Clinical data and peripheral blood samples of the pedigrees were collected. All exons of the ADAR1 gene were amplified by PCR and subjected to Sanger sequencing. CC220 Suspected pathogenic variants were validated among other members of the pedigrees and 100 unrelated healthy controls. For pedigree 1, Sanger sequencing has identified a heterozygous missense variant c.3002G>C (p.Asp968His) in exon 11 of the ADAR1 gene in the proband and his father. For pedigree 2, a novel nonsense variant c.3145C>T (p.Gln1049Ter) was identified in exon 12 of the ADAR1 gene in the proband and his son, which were previously unreported and absent among the healthy controls. The c.3002G>C (p.Asp968His) and c.3145C>T (p.Gln1049Ter)variants of the ADAR1 gene probably underlay the DSH in the two pedigrees.T (p.Gln1049Ter)variants of the ADAR1 gene probably underlay the DSH in the two pedigrees. To review the evidence regarding the outcomes of laparoscopic techniques in cases of splenomegaly. Endoscopic approaches such as laparoscopic, hand-assisted laparoscopic, and robotic surgery are commonly used for splenectomy, but the advantages in cases of splenomegaly are controversial. We conducted a systematic review using PRISMA guidelines. PubMed/MEDLINE, ScienceDirect, Scopus, Cochrane Library, and Web of Science were searched up to February 2020. Nineteen studies were included for meta-analysis. In relation tolaparoscopic splenectomy (LS) versus open splenectomy (OS), 12 studies revealed a significant reduction in length of hospital stay (LOS) of 3.3days (p = <0.01) in the LS subgroup. Operative time was higher by 44.4min (p < 0.01) in the LS group. Blood loss was higher in OS 146.2cc (p = <0.01). No differences were found regarding morbimortality. The global conversion rate was 19.56%. Five studies compared LS and hand-assisted laparosocpic splenectomy(HALS), but no differences were observed in LOS, blood loss, or complications.