About 12% of the participants did not want to be vaccinated and almost 40% was unsure. Regarding vaccines in general, almost a third of the participants feared their side effects or MS related complications. Having knowledge of pwMS' opinions on COVID-19 pandemic impact and vaccination is useful to better address these issues. Fears and expectations towards vaccination must be discussed with pwMS.Having knowledge of pwMS' opinions on COVID-19 pandemic impact and vaccination is useful to better address these issues. Fears and expectations towards vaccination must be discussed with pwMS. Research on the health benefits of cannabis has been limited because use remains restricted or illegal in most countries. Medical cannabis has been legal in Canada since 2001 and recreational use became legal in October 2018. While there are data that support a biological mechanism by which cannabinoids can impact various other symptoms of MS, the evidence of effectiveness of cannabis as a treatment for bladder symptoms remains unsettled. We conducted an exploratory study to describe the current trends of cannabis product consumption among people with MS (PwMS) and their association with perceived benefits on MS symptoms. A cross-sectional survey study of PwMS, recruited from the MS Clinic in Calgary, Alberta, Canada was undertaken. Logistic regression analyses were performed to assess the associations between cannabis consumption and improvement in bladder function symptoms. There were 775 respondents out of 2899 PwMS contacted by email. Among respondents, 734 reported cannabis use in the past 3 monthsPwMS. Patterns of use, dosing, frequency and mode of delivery are diverse among survey respondents. This pilot study provides some initial glimpses into real world therapeutic use of cannabinoids among PwMS for bladder symptoms.Cannabis is commonly used in this survey study of personal cannabis use among PwMS. Patterns of use, dosing, frequency and mode of delivery are diverse among survey respondents. This pilot study provides some initial glimpses into real world therapeutic use of cannabinoids among PwMS for bladder symptoms.Intravenous injections of human hematopoietic stem cells (hHSCs) is routinely used in clinic and for modeling hematopoiesis in mice. However, unspecific dilution in vascular system and non-hematopoietic organs challenges engraftment efficiency. Although spleen is capable of extra medullar hematopoiesis, its ability to support human HSC transplantation has never been evaluated. We demonstrate that intra-splenic injection results in high and sustained engraftment of hHSCs into immune-deficient mice, with higher chimerisms than with intravenous or intra-femoral injections. Our results support that spleen microenvironment provides a niche for HSCs amplification and offers a new route for efficient HSC transplantation.The pathogenesis of Parkinson's disease (PD) remains elusive, but mitochondrial dysfunction is believed to be one crucial step in its pathogenesis. The mitochondrial unfolded protein response (UPRmt) is an important mitochondrial quality control strategy that maintains mitochondrial function in response to disturbances of mitochondrial protein homeostasis. Activation of the UPRmt and the beneficial effect of rescuing mitochondrial proteostasis have been reported in several genetic models of PD. However, the pathogenic relevance of the UPRmt in idiopathic PD is unknown. https://www.selleckchem.com/products/ro-3306.html The present study examined the link between the UPRmt and mitochondrial dysfunction in 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium (MPP+)-treated SH-SY5Y cells. Treatment with MPP + induced activation of the UPRmt, reflected by an increase in the expression of UPRmt-related chaperones, proteases, and transcription mediators. UPRmt activation that was induced by overexpressing mutant ornithine transcarbamylase significantly reduced the production of mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (ROS) and improved cell survival in SH-SY5Y cells following MPP+ treatment. Moreover, the overexpression of activating transcription factor 5 (mammalian UPRmt transcription factor) conferred protection against MPP+-induced ROS production and against cell death in SH-SY5Y cells. Overall, our results demonstrate the beneficial effect of UPRmt activation in MPP + -treated cells, shedding new light on the mechanism of mitochondrial dysfunction in the pathogenesis of PD.Cancer cells require oxygen and nutrients for growth, making angiogenesis one of the essential components of tumor growth. Gangliosides, constituting membrane lipid rafts, regulate intracellular signal transduction and are involved in the malignancy of cancer cells. While endothelial cells, as well as cancer cells, express vast amounts of gangliosides, the precise function of endothelial gangliosides in angiogenesis remains unclear. In this study, we focused on gangliosides of vascular endothelial cells and analyzed their functions on tumor angiogenesis. In human breast cancer, GM3 synthase was highly expressed in vascular endothelial cells as well as immune cells. Angiogenesis increased in GM3S-KO mice. In BAEC, RNA interference of GM3S showed increased cellular invasion and oxidative stress tolerance through activation of ERK. In the breast cancer model, GM3-KO mice showed an increase in tumor growth and angiogenesis. These results suggest that the endothelial ganglioside GM3 regulates tumor angiogenesis by suppressing cellular invasion and oxidative stress tolerance in endothelial cells.Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is the most common primary malignant brain tumor without curable therapy. Surgical resection remains the first choice of patients with GBM but tumors relapse rapidly even combined with conventional chemoradiotherapy. The mechanism of GBM rapid recurrence is poorly understood, which is largely due to the lack of an appropriate animal model, thus heavily impedes the improvement of postoperative therapy. Here we established a highly reproducible mouse GBM surgical model by using the syngeneic G422TN-GBM cells, which faithfully recapitulates the features of rapid recurrence of human GBM after surgery. Implanting 2 × 103-5 × 104 of G422TN-GBM cells in mouse cerebral cortex caused death in all animal within 23 days, while surgery was an effective therapy but not curable. After complete removal of visible tumors on day 5-9 of tumor growth, the tumors recurred macroscopically within 5 days accompanied by increasing infiltrative cancer foci. Mechanistically, the rapid recurrence of resected tumors was positively correlated to early Akt activation, which subsequently upregulated PD-L1/Vimentin and promoted proliferation/migration of cancer cells.