958 [95%CI 0.938-0.978]), accuracy (88.9%), sensitivity (73%), negative predictive value (89%), and F1 score (80%) compared with other machine learning models. The K-nearest neighbor model generated the best specificity (99.3%) and positive predictive value (93.8%) metrics, but had low and unacceptable values for sensitivity and AUC. selleck chemical Most, but not all, machine learning models outperformed the existing risk prediction scores. The XGBoost model, which was generated based on a machine learning algorithm, has high potential to be used to predict cardiac arrest in ACS patients. This proposed model significantly improves outcome prediction compared to existing risk prediction scores.The XGBoost model, which was generated based on a machine learning algorithm, has high potential to be used to predict cardiac arrest in ACS patients. This proposed model significantly improves outcome prediction compared to existing risk prediction scores. Several scoring systems, such as controlling nutritional status (CONUT) score, geriatric nutritional risk index (GNRI), and prognostic nutritional index (PNI), have been previously described to show nutritional status. In the present study, we aimed to investigate the value of these scoring systems in predicting in-hospital and long-term mortality in patients undergoing surgical aortic valve replacement (SAVR). PNI, GNRI, and CONUT were determined using the receiver operator characteristicscurve analysis in 150 consecutive elderly patients (age 70 (66-74) years, male 78) who underwent SAVR due to degenerative severe aortic stenosis (AS). Patients were divided into two groups according to cutoff values from these indexes. During the 50 ± 31 months follow-up period, a total of 36 (24%) patients died. 30-day mortality, 1-year mortality, and total mortality were significantly higher in lower PNI, lower GNRI, and higher CONUT groups. PNI cutoff value was 49.2, GNRI cutoff value was 102.5, and CONUT cutoff value was 1.5. PNI ≤ 49.2, GNRI ≤ 102.5, and CONUT > 1.5 values were found to be independent predictors of total mortality even after risk adjustment. In addition, in the mortality group, PNI (53.7 ± 5.9 vs. 47.4 ± 6.3; p < .001) and GNRI (108 ± 10 vs. 99 ± 6.3); p < .001) were significantly lower, while CONUT score (1 [0-2] vs. 2 [0.2-3]; p < .001) was significantly higher. Objective nutritional indexes including CONUT score, PNI, and GNRI are important prognostic factors and those indexes should be part of frailty assessment in patients with severe AS.Objective nutritional indexes including CONUT score, PNI, and GNRI are important prognostic factors and those indexes should be part of frailty assessment in patients with severe AS.Random coefficient regression (also known as random effects, mixed effects, growth curve, variance component, multilevel, or hierarchical linear modeling) can be a natural and useful approach for characterizing and testing hypotheses in data that are correlated within experimental units. Existing power and sample size software for such data are based on two variance component models or those using a two-stage formulation. These approaches may be markedly inaccurate in settings where more variance components (i.e., intercept, rate of change, and residual error) are warranted. We present variance, power, sample size formulae, and software (R Shiny app) for use with random coefficient regression models with possible missing data and variable follow-up. We illustrate sample size and study design planning using data from the Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative (ADNI) database. We additionally examine the drivers of variability to better inform study design.Understanding mating systems is a pillar of behavioural ecology, placing the complex interactions between females and males into a reproductive context. The field of multiple paternity, the phenomenon whereby many sires contribute to an individual litter, has traditionally viewed females as passive players in a male-male competitive framework. With the emergence of feminist perspectives in ecological fields, novel alternative mechanisms and evolutionary theories across invertebrate and vertebrate taxa recognize females are active stakeholders in the reproductive process. Despite their evolutionary significance, ecological diversity and myriad reproductive modes, elasmobranch (sharks, skates and rays) research lags behind other fields regarding complex biological processes, such as multiple paternity which is often ascribed to convenience polyandry. Here, we layout hypotheses and resynthesize multiple paternity literature from a female and life history perspective to highlight how alternative mechanisms influence the predominance of multiple paternity across elasmobranchs. We draw upon parallels in other invertebrate and vertebrate taxa to demonstrate how female elasmobranchs can influence multiple paternity outcomes that benefit their reproductive success. Our article challenges dogma that has resulted from years of dismissing the female perspective as important and provides a framework for future advancement using more holistic approaches to studying mating systems. Extract of adult Ascaris suum (ASC) worms attenuated the liver damage in experimental autoimmune hepatitis (EAH) with induction of Th2 immune response, but fibrosis occurred. N-acetyl-L-cysteine (NAC) has protective effects against liver fibrosis. Evaluate the association ASC+NAC on the T- and B-cell activation, inflammation and fibrogenic markers in the liver in EAH. Experimental autoimmune hepatitis was induced intravenously with concanavalin A in BALB/c mice. EAH+ASC+NAC group received NAC and ASC; EAH+ASC group received ASC;EAH group received PBS. Doubly labelled CD4 T (CD28, CTLA-4, CD40L or IL-10) and CD45R B lymphocytes (IL-10) and CD4 CD25 FoxP3 cells were evaluated, along with gene expression of Col1a1, α-SMA, Fizz1, Arg1 and PPAR-γ and histomorphometry. Experimental autoimmune hepatitis group showed high frequency of CD28 and CD40L T lymphocytes, butnot the EAH+ASC group. In relation to EAH group, the Fizz1expression was lowerin both groups treated, but Arg1expressionwas lower in only EAH+ASC+NAC group.