puberula. The technical essentials include callus induction, embryoid formation, and root induction, followed by acclimatization and transplanting.Present research work was aimed at masking the bitter taste of anti- viral drug Oseltamivir phosphate (Ost) by complexing it with pea starch maltodextrin- Kleptose Linecaps® (Mld). The Ost groups involved in triggering the bitter sensation were identified by computationally assessing its interaction with human bitter taste receptor hTAS2R 38. A series of exhaustive molecular dynamics (MD) simulation was run using Schrodinger® suite to understand the type of interaction of Ost with Mld. Experimentally, complexes of Ost with Mld were realized by solution method. The complexes were characterized using differential scanning colorimetry (DSC), fourier transform-infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), powder X-ray diffraction (PXRD), hot stage microscopy (HSM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), proton NMR (1H-NMR) and Carbon-13 nuclear magnetic resonance (13C-NMR). Ost-oral dispersible mini tablets (ODMT) were prepared by direct compression and optimised using mixture designs. Finally, bitter taste perception of Ost-ODMT was evaluated in healthy human volunteers of either sex. Computational assessment, involving interaction of Ost with bitter receptor, predicted the involvement of free amino group of Ost in triggering the bitter response whereas, MD simulation predicted the formation of stable complex between Ost and double helical confirmation of Mld. Different characterization techniques confirmed the findings of MD simulation. Results from the taste assessment in human volunteers revealed a significant reduction in bitter taste of prepared Ost-ODMT.In this study, trehalose (TRE) was added to prepare whey protein concentrate (WPC)/pullulan (PUL)/TRE hydrogel and the hydrogel was used as the wall material to improve the viability of encapsulated L. plantarum during freeze drying and storage. The optimum conditions were 5.0 % TRE concentration and 14 (vv) of the ratio of L. plantarum suspension to the hydrogel. Under these conditions, the survival rates of L. plantarum were 94.36 ± 1.06 % after freeze drying and 97.02 ± 0.30 % after storage for 240 d at 4 °C. Interactions and rheological properties of WPC/PUL/TRE hydrogel were also studied. The results showed TRE reduced storage modulus (G') of the hydrogel and weakened hydrophobic interactions, disulfide and hydrogen bonds between proteins and polysaccharides, which was not conducive to hydrogel formation. In addition, the excellent water-holding capacity of WPC/PUL/TRE hydrogel was found by the drying kinetic experiment.The biotechnological applications of cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) continue to grow due to their sustainable nature, impressive mechanical, rheological, and emulsifying properties, upscaled production capacity, and compatibility with other materials, such as protein and polysaccharides. In this study, hydrogels from CNCs and pectin, a plant cell wall polysaccharide broadly used in food and pharma, were produced by calcium ion-mediated internal ionotropic gelation (IG). In the absence of pectin, a minimum of 4 wt% CNC was needed to produce self-supporting gels by internal IG, whereas the addition of pectin at 0.5 wt% enabled hydrogel formation at CNC contents as low as 0.5 wt%. Experimental data indicate that CNCs and pectin interact to give robust and self-supporting hydrogels at solid contents below 2.5 %. Potential applications of these gels could be as carriers for controlled release, scaffolds for cell growth, or wherever else distinct and porous network morphologies are required. To compare obstetric and neonatal outcomes resulting from assisted reproductive technology in couples with a history of female sterilization to couples with other infertility diagnoses. Retrospective cohort study. Not applicable. Fresh, nondonor cycles excluding gestational surrogacy from 2004 to 2013 in the United States. None. Preterm birth rates and low birth weight rates from invitro fertilization (IVF) pregnancies in couples with infertility and in couples with prior tubal ligation as their sole indication for IVF. The mean ages of fertile women (N = 8,478) and infertile women (N = 371,488) were 35.3 and 34.6 years, respectively. Of the singletons born to parous women (N = 26,463), the incidence of preterm birth was not significantly different in fertile, sterilized couples compared to infertile couples (13.7% vs. 12.0%). The incidence of low birth weight among term singletons was also not significantly different between fertile couples compared to infertile couples (3.5% vs. 3.2%). Fertile couples have similar preterm birth and low birth weight rates after IVF compared to infertile couples. This suggests that differences in perinatal outcomes may be due to assisted reproductive technology procedures rather than infertility itself.Fertile couples have similar preterm birth and low birth weight rates after IVF compared to infertile couples. This suggests that differences in perinatal outcomes may be due to assisted reproductive technology procedures rather than infertility itself.Congenital and acquired uterine anomalies are associated with recurrent pregnancy loss (RPL). Relevant congenital Müllerian tract anomalies include unicornuate, bicornuate septate, and arcuate uterus. Recurrent pregnancy loss has also been associated with acquired uterine abnormalities that distort the uterine cavity such as, notably, intrauterine adhesions, polyps, and submucosal myomas. Initial evaluation of women with RPLs should include an assessment of the uterine anatomy. Even if proof of efficacy of surgical management of certain uterine anomalies is often lacking for managing RPLs, surgery should be encouraged in certain circumstances for improving subsequent pregnancy outcome. Uterine anomalies such as uterine septa, endometrial polyps, intrauterine adhesions, and submucosal myomas are the primary surgical indications for managing RPLs.Disorders affecting the sperm, oocyte, or embryo may cause a significant fraction of spontaneous miscarriages and cases of recurrent pregnancy loss (RPL). Altered chromosomal integrity of sperm and oocytes, which is highly dependent of the age of the mother, represents a major cause of miscarriage and in turn RPL. Avoiding transfers of abnormal embryos is possible with preimplantation genetic testing for aneuploidies. this website Chromosomal anomalies may also be caused by structural rearrangements of one or several chromosomes in either parents, a finding encountered in 12% of couples with RPL, including in those who have had one or several healthy babies. More than 40% of these chromosomal rearrangements are identifiable on regular karyotypes. When abnormal findings are made, preimplantation genetic testing for monogenic disorders allows selection of disease-free embryos. Finally, asymmetric inactivation of the X chromosome has been found more commonly in women with RPL, but no specific treatment is currently available.