Posterior pigment dispersion is a rare ophthalmic finding that has been reported in patients undergoing retinectomy with silicone oil placement and in patients who underwent significant anterior segment manipulation and vitrectomy. MRTX1133 ic50 The pigment release is believed to occur from retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) cells in the former and the posterior iris in the latter. The exact timing of this pre-retinal pigment deposition is unknown but typically is mild and occurs over several months. A rapid progression of diffuse preretinal pigmentation is uncommon and may be suggestive of persistent RPE release from an open break or continued iris trauma with posterior pigment release. This report describes a case of profound posterior pigment deposition more than 4 months after retinectomy and oil in a patient with a persistently open retinectomy edge with anterior retinal detachment. The rapidity of pigment deposition was the clue to recognizing this subtle anterior detachment under silicone oil. [Ophthalmic Surg Lasers Imaging Retina. 2021;5247-49.].The authors report a case of an 81-year-old female who presented with sudden onset of light perception vision and intraocular inflammation. After several months of continuing symptoms despite antibiotics, an aqueous tap culture grew Cutibacterium acnes. The patient had cataract surgery 21 years prior, and had no intervening trauma, intraocular procedure, or endogenous source. The presumed diagnosis was C. acnes endophthalmitis with significantly delayed onset. Capsulectomy and intraocular lens removal resolved the patient's symptoms. In rare cases, C. acnes endophthalmitis may present as recurrent inflammation despite an extremely remote history of cataract surgery, mimicking a virulent, acute-onset endophthalmitis despite antibiotic administration. [Ophthalmic Surg Lasers Imaging Retina. 2021;5244-46.]. To report cases with intraocular lens (IOL) opacification following silicone oil (SO) endotamponade. Medical charts of 32 eyes with IOL opacification were evaluated retrospectively. All eyes had rhegmatogenous retinal detachment and had a history of previous hydrophilic acrylic IOL implantation. All patients underwent vitrectomy with SO endotamponade. Clinical features of all cases and the results of histochemical evaluation of explanted IOLs were reported. The mean duration of SO endotamponade was 4.6 ± 2.0 months. The mean follow-up was 67.0 ± 23.5 months. The interval between phacoemulsification surgery and IOL opacification was 27.4 ± 18.3 months. With the exception of two eyes, all IOL opacification was detected during the follow-up period after SO removal. IOL exchange was performed in 12 eyes (37.5%). Histochemical analysis revealed significant calcification mostly on the surface of explanted IOL optics. Vitreoretinal surgeons should be aware of that some hydrophilic IOLs may have the potential of opacification following SO endotamponade. [Ophthalmic Surg Lasers Imaging Retina. 2021;5237-43.].Vitreoretinal surgeons should be aware of that some hydrophilic IOLs may have the potential of opacification following SO endotamponade. [Ophthalmic Surg Lasers Imaging Retina. 2021;5237-43.]. To provide an updated estimate of incidence and prevalence of the foremost retinal diseases in the U.S. Retrospective study of the Vestrum Health Database evaluating eyes with diagnoses of wet or dry age-related macular degeneration (AMD), diabetic macular edema (DME), diabetic retinopathy (DR), branch or central retinal vein occlusion (BRVO; CRVO) from January 2014 to December 2019 across 58 retina practices. Of the 3,086,791 eyes examined, 490,881 (15.9%) had dry AMD, 294,041 (9.5%) wet AMD, 270,703 (8.8%) DME, 254,690 (8.3%) DR without DME, 73,617 (2.4%) BRVO, and 50,670 (1.6%) CRVO. Dry AMD had the highest incidence. These diseases comprised 61.0% of total prevalence and 54.3% of incidence among patients at the retina practices analyzed. Based on a diverse database, these diseases comprised the majority of U.S. retina practice cases, with increasing annual incidences. AMD is the most common diagnosis, then diabetic eye disease. [Ophthalmic Surg Lasers Imaging Retina. 2021;5229-36.].Based on a diverse database, these diseases comprised the majority of U.S. retina practice cases, with increasing annual incidences. AMD is the most common diagnosis, then diabetic eye disease. [Ophthalmic Surg Lasers Imaging Retina. 2021;5229-36.]. To study the status of the choriocapillaris in fellow eyes of patients with unilateral retinal vein occlusions (RVOs). Thirty-two healthy eyes of patients with unilateral RVO and 16 eyes of healthy age-matched controls were included. Choriocapillaris flow voids and device-specific choriocapillaris total flow areas were quantified based on 3-mm optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) scans and their correlation with the number of resolved para-central acute middle maculopathy (PAMM) lesions on 6-mm OCTA scans was calculated. In fellow eyes of unilateral RVOs and in eyes of healthy individuals, the number of choriocapillaris flow voids was 20.8 ± 5.5 and 13.4 ± 5.4, respectively (P < .001), and choriocapillaris total flow area was 6.0 ± 0.34 mm and 6.22 ± 0.13 mm , respectively (P = .005). The number of resolved PAMM lesions correlates significantly with the number of choriocapillaris flow voids (r = 0.44; P = .002) and with choriocapillaris total flow area (r = -0.52; P < .001). Fellow eyes of patients with unilateral RVO demonstrate a substantial decrease of perfusion in choriocapillaris, which correlates with the prevalence of small resolved PAMM lesions. [Ophthalmic Surg Lasers Imaging Retina. 2021;5223-28.].Fellow eyes of patients with unilateral RVO demonstrate a substantial decrease of perfusion in choriocapillaris, which correlates with the prevalence of small resolved PAMM lesions. [Ophthalmic Surg Lasers Imaging Retina. 2021;5223-28.]. To provide new insights into toxic maculopathy secondary to pentosan polysulfate (PPS) utilizing multimodal testing. Retrospective case-series of four patients from two academic centers evaluated with multimodal imaging, electrophysiology, dark adaptometry (DA), and genetic testing. Median age was 58 years, exposure to PPS was 18.5 years, and cumulative dose of was 2,025 grams. Seven of eight eyes had visual acuity of 20/40 or better. Optical coherence tomography (OCT) angiography demonstrated increased choriocapillaris flow voids (54.25%) in cases compared to controls (13.2%). Two subjects had abnormal foveal avascular zone configurations. Two subjects demonstrated collapse of the retinal pigment epithelium nodular excrescences and progressive retinal thinning over 4 to 5 years on OCT. Electrophysiology was normal (3/3 patients), but DA was delayed (2/2 patients). The authors describe novel findings of PPS maculopathy, including flow voids in the choriocapillaris. Progressive retinal thinning may suggest a secondary retinal effect.