MS and LB, the primary bacteria groups responsible for dental caries, and high levels of these bacteria in the mother promote transmission from mother to infant. The aim of this study was prevention of maternal MS and LB transmission on infants by using different preventive strategies and inhibition of early childhood caries proggession. This study was conducted with 50 mother-child pairs who were randomly allocated into either a study group or a control group (n = 25 each). Mothers in the study group were enrolled in a detailed preventive program that included elimination of dental caries with restorative and antibacterial procedures, whereas those in the control group received only a single episode of oral-health education. After 18 months, significant MS and LB inhibition was observed in the study group (p < 0.0001). In addition, caries prevalence in the infants in the study and control groups was 0% and 20% respectively, and the difference between the two groups was statistically significant (p = 0.020). These results indicate that primary preventive intervention and oral-health instruction can significantly inhibit the MS and LB levels of mothers and prevent caries in their children during the early years of life.These results indicate that primary preventive intervention and oral-health instruction can significantly inhibit the MS and LB levels of mothers and prevent caries in their children during the early years of life. We previously found that the partially purified 30-100 kDa fraction of areca-nut-extract (ANE 30-100K) induces autophagy in different types of cells including oral carcinoma OECM-1 cells. This study was to analyze the composition and possible mechanisms of ANE 30-100K-induced autophagy (AIA). Phenol-sulfuric acid method and high performance anion exchange chromatography were utilized to analyze the composition of ANE 30-100K. GSK690693 Akt inhibitor OECM-1 and esophageal CE81T/VGH cells were taken as the experimental models. Microscope and transmission electron microscope were used to observe morphological changes. Cell viability and specific proteins were respectively measured by XTT and Western bot assay. shRNA and chemical inhibitors were applied to assess the involvement of Atg5, caveolin, and proteasome in AIA. ANE 30-100K contains ∼67% carbohydrate, which is composed of fucose (5.938%), arabinose (24.631%), glucosamine (8.066%), galactose (26.820%), glucose (21.388%), and mannose (13.157%). After ANE 30-100K stimulation,f the action mechanisms and compositions of ANE 30-100K. The status of neck lymph nodes (LNs) plays an important role in survival of oral cavity cancer. Early stage oral cancer patients are still at a risk for locoregional metastasis. We aimed to determine the number of LNs that needs to be retrieved for adequate diagnosis and treatment of the neck tumor. We conducted a retrospective study of 126 oral cavity cancer patients who underwent wide excision and 3 types of neck dissection at MacKay Memorial Hospital, Taiwan. Data from the operative and pathology reports were collected and analyzed. The significant difference was defined as p < 0.05 by SPSS 21.0 and Prizm 5 software. There was a significant difference between the total retrieved LNs and tumor differentiation and nerve invasion on multivariate analysis. Receiveroperating characteristic (ROC) curve showed significant difference in the total number of neck LNs between the survival and expired groups. The cut-off point was 36.5 nodes. However, there was no difference in survival between supraomohyoid and modified radical neck dissection. Retrieval of adequate LNs can improve oral cancer survival rates. If total number of neck nodes examined is <37 with poor differentiation and/or nerve invasion, early oral cancer patients with neck dissection have a lower survival rate and are candidates for adjuvant therapy.Retrieval of adequate LNs can improve oral cancer survival rates. If total number of neck nodes examined is less then 37 with poor differentiation and/or nerve invasion, early oral cancer patients with neck dissection have a lower survival rate and are candidates for adjuvant therapy. Treating and preventing dental caries in children have been major health concerns in Taiwan. However, little discussion on oral health-related quality of life in Taiwanese preschooler exists. This study aimed to construct and validate a Taiwanese version of the Early Childhood Oral Health Impact Scale (ECOHIS) for preschool children in Taiwan. A Taiwanese version of the ECOHIS was developed using the forward-backward translation method. Our study population (n = 251) comprised children aged 3-6 years old. Parents of the children signed informed consent and self-completed ECOHIS. Data were analyzed for internal reliability using Cronbach's alpha coefficient, and item-to-total correlation was determined. Criterion validity was tested for the relationship between ECOHIS scores and caries experience (dmft). A multiple linear regression model was used to assess the independent variables of the ECOHIS. Cronbach's alpha for the total score of the Taiwanese version of ECOHIS was 0.76. The validity of the ECOHIS was tested, and scores of both the total scale and family impact section were found to be statistically significantly related to dmft (  < 0.005). Multiple linear regression analysis revealed that with an increase in dmft, the total score of the ECOHIS significantly increased (95% CI = 0.22-0.63,  < 0.001). The Taiwanese version of the ECOHIS is a valid and reliable tool to assess the oral health-related effect on 3- to 6-year-old children in Taiwan.The Taiwanese version of the ECOHIS is a valid and reliable tool to assess the oral health-related effect on 3- to 6-year-old children in Taiwan. The fixation stability is the key factor for orthodontic micro-implant to succeed. This study evaluated the mechanical properties of three types of micro-implants by analyzing their structural configurations. Thirty micro-implants of three types (diameter 1.5 mm, Types A, B, C) were assessed. All micro-implants were manually driven into artificial bones at an 8-mm depth. The insertion torque (IT), pullout strength (PS), and gripping volume (GV) of each type were measured. The indexes of mechanical properties denoted as the PS/IT, GV/IT and PS/GV ratios. Intergroup comparisons and intragroup correlation were examined using statistical analysis. Type B had the greatest inner-outer diameter ratio (0.67), and Type A had the smallest (0.53). The IT of Type A (5.26 Ncm) was significantly (  = 0.038) lower than that of Type C (8.8 Ncm). There was no significant difference in the pullout strength. The GV of Type A (9.7 mm ) was significantly greater than Type C (8.4 mm ). Type C was significantly greater than Type B (7.