The study investigated effects of electrode material, inter-electrode distance (IED), and conductive gel on electromyographic (EMG) activity recorded from the masseter muscle. EMG was recorded unilaterally, as ten volunteers performed standardized oral tasks. Ag/AgCl and Ag coated with Au were the gel-based; Ag alloy coated with graphene, pure Ag coated with graphene and silver nanowire embedded electrodes were the gel-free materials tested. Ag/AgCl electrodes were tested at three different IEDs (i.e. 15mm, 20mm, 25mm). An electrode relative performance index (ERPI) was defined and calculated for each of the standardized oral tasks that the volunteers performed. ERPI values obtained for the different oral tasks with different electrode materials and IEDs were compared using two-way repeated-measures ANOVA. ERPI values were not significantly influenced by IED. However, for the electrode materials statistically significant differences were found in ERPI values for all oral tasks. Of the gel-free electrode materials tested, pure silver electrodes coated with graphene had the highest ERPI values followed by Ag alloy electrodes coated with graphene and silver nanowire embedded electrodes. Within the limitations of the study, IED between 15 and 25mm has a negligible effect on masseter muscle EMG. Graphene coated and silver nanowire embedded electrodes show promise as gel-free alternatives.Within the limitations of the study, IED between 15 and 25 mm has a negligible effect on masseter muscle EMG. Graphene coated and silver nanowire embedded electrodes show promise as gel-free alternatives.In this study, we introduce a simple three-step workflow for a universally applicable RI system, to be used in GC×GC analysis of ignitable liquid residue (ILR) for arson investigations. The proposed RI system applies a combination of two well-established GC RI systems non-isothermal Kovats (K) index in the first dimension and Lee (L) index in the second dimension. The proposed KLI RI system showed very good correlations when compared with predicted values and existing RI systems (r2 = 0.97 in first dimension, r2 = 0.99 in second dimension) and was valid for a wide range of analyte concentrations and operational settings (coefficient of variance (CV) less then 1% in first dimension, less then 10% in second dimension). Using the KLI RI, an ILR classification contour map was created to assist with the identification of ILR types within ASTM E1618. The contour map was successfully applied to neat fuels and a fire scene sample, highlighting the application to wildfire investigation. Standardizing the RI process and establishing acceptable error margins allows the exploration and comparison of comprehensive data generated from GC×GC analysis of ILRs regardless of location, time, or system, further enhancing comprehensive and tenable chemometric analyses of samples. Overall, the KLI workflow was inexpensive, quick to apply, and user-friendly with its simple 3-step design.The paper presents the first application of deep eutectic solvents (DES) as stationary phases for gas chromatography. DES obtained by mixing tetrabutylammonium chloride (TBAC) as a hydrogen bond acceptor (HBA) with heptadecanoic acid being a hydrogen bond donor (HBD) in a mole ratio of HBAHBD equal to 12 was characterized by its ability to separate volatile organic compounds (VOCs). The Rohrschneider - McReynolds constants determined reveal that the synthesized DES is a stationary phase of medium polarity. A detailed retention characteristic was determined for a number of groups of chemical compounds, including aromatic hydrocarbons, alcohols, ketones, sulfides and thiophene derivatives. The synthesized DES was found to have a high selectivity towards alcohols. At the same time, the investigated stationary phase was found to have specific interactions with some analytes. For example, a stronger retention was observed for 1-hexanol and 1-heptanol compared to other alcohols. Retention times of these two alcohols are longer by 191% and 300%, respectively, relative to the expected value based on their boiling point. Such an increased retention is caused by a synergistic effect of various kinds of interactions - the possibility of formation of hydrogen bonds between the DES and the hydroxyl group of alcohols and hydrophobic interactions of alkyl chains of the DES with the alkyl chain of alcohols. The ability to modify properties of DESs by replacement of HBA or HBD with a different chemical compound or by dissolving in DES macromolecular substances makes the proposed stationary phase highly flexible. In addition to using the developed DES in chromatographic techniques, the retention data collected indicate the possibility of its application to other separation techniques, i.e. extractive distillation.The rapidly increasing applications of monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) in therapy have necessitated the development of mAb production and purification technologies for both academic and industrial usage. Herein, a histidine-tagged cyclic peptide (HHHHHHGSGSGSDC*AWHLGELVWC*T, the disulfide-bonded cysteines of which are indicated by asterisks, named HT25-cyclopeptide) functionalized monolithic material was developed by the metal ion chelation-based approach. The resulting material possessed suitable affinity and peptide ligand density (13.8 mg peptide ligand per mL of material), good porosity (67.1 %), acceptable specific surface area (52.95 m2/g), and lots of macropores (4.13 μm). Moreover, excellent antibody-specific selectivity, comparable or even better binding capacity (for dried material, maximum static binding capacity and dynamic binding capacity are about 119.3 mg/g and 17.05 mg/g, respectively) for antibody compared to previously developed affinity materials, acceptable resistance to trypsin digestion, and negligible nonspecific protein adsorption, were also achieved on this novel monolithic material. PY-60 Compared with the corresponding cyclic peptide-based sepharose material, milder elution conditions were employed for the HT25-cyclopeptide-based monolithic material, which could effectively prevent the aggregation and denaturation of the enriched antibodies. This novel material was then successfully applied to the affinity enrichment and purification of mAbs (including infliximab and rituximab) in different cell culture media or IgG in human serum.