In addition, treatment of PL caused DNA damage in a dose-dependent manner. PL arrested the cell cycle at S-G2/M phase, and enhanced reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation. Excess ROS generated by PL disrupted mitochondrial membrane resulted in depletion of mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP). These results conclude that PL decreases lung cancer cell viability by arresting cells at S-G2/M phase, and induces apoptosis by activation of mitochondrial-mediated apoptotic pathway through excess ROS generation. Overall findings suggest that plumbagin shows cytotoxic and therapeutic potential against both A549 and A549GR cell lines.Asherman syndrome (AS) occurs due to fibrosis or uterine adhesions as a result of damage to the basal layer of the endometrium. The aim of this study is investigating the effects of adipose tissue-derived mesenchymal stem cell (ADMSC) application on the expression of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), insulin-like growth factor (IGF-1), miRNA-98, miRNA199a in endometrial tissue in rats with AS. Study groups were designed as, control (C), Asherman syndrome (AS), AS + oral estrogen (ASO), AS + ADMSC (ASSC), AS + oral estrogen + ADMSC (ASSCO) with 7 samples in each group. Characterization and differentiation experiments were performed in ADMSC obtained. Two weeks after the development of the AS, ADMSC therapy was applied. BrdU (5-bromo-2'-deoxyuridine) labeling was performed to show the presence of ADMSC in the tissues. Rats were sacrificed after 8 weeks and bilateral uterine horn resection was performed. Tissues were fixed in formaldehyde. After routine tissue follow-up, sections were taken and evaluated with hematoxylin eosin staining. VEGF1 and IGF1 expressions were evaluated by immunohistochemical staining and western blot analysis. Expression changes of miR-98 and miR-199a were detected by RT-PCR. Our results showed that stem cells and estrogen giving together reduced inflammation and fibrosis in the endometrium. Immunohistochemistry and western blot results suggested that this effect was achieved especially through IGF-1. Opaganib price In our study, decreased miR-98 and miR-199a expressions were determined in Asherman syndrome. Furthermore, no changes of miRNA expressions were observed in treatment groups.Ultrasound elastography is a relatively new diagnostic technique for measuring tissue elasticity (hardness). This review describes the types and evaluation methods of elastographies used in diagnosing pancreatic tumors. It also evaluates the diagnostic ability of transabdominal (US) or endoscopic ultrasonography (EUS) elastography for pancreatic tumors, based on findings from a search of published articles. Twenty articles (2096 cases) were selected from the databases. The types of elastography used for the diagnosis of pancreatic tumors were strain elastography and shear wave elastography. The evaluation methods of elastography and their diagnostic abilities (sensitivity and specificity) were 0.78 (95% confidence interval 0.65-0.87) and 0.82 (0.63-0.94) for color pattern diagnosis (US), 0.82 (0.77-0.86) and 0.70 (0.64-0.76) for color pattern diagnosis (EUS), 0.94 (0.90-0.97) and 0.87 (0.81-0.92) for strain ratio (EUS), 0.92 (0.90-0.94) and 0.79 (0.75-0.82) for histogram analysis (EUS), and 0.90 (0.82-0.95) and 0.82 (0.57-0.72) for shear wave elastography. In conclusion, there are many types of elastographies and evaluation methods, and the diagnostic ability for pancreatic tumors is high for each evaluation method.Objective The aim of this study was to compare gasless single-port access (SPA) laparoscopy using a J-shaped retractor and conventional SPA laparoscopy in patients undergoing adnexal surgery. Study design The medical records of 80 patients who underwent laparoscopic adnexal surgery between May 2017 and April 2019 were reviewed. Of the 80 patients, 40 patients underwent gasless SPA laparoscopy using a J-shaped retractor and 40 underwent conventional SPA laparoscopy. All surgeries were performed by one laparoscopic surgeon. Surgical outcomes were compared between the two groups. Results There are no significant differences in age, body mass index, parity, previous abdominal surgery, tumor marker, and tumor diameter between the gasless and conventional groups. The median retraction setup time from skin incision was 7 min (range 5-12 min) in gasless SPA laparoscopic adnexal surgery. The median total operation times were 55.5 min (range 30-155 min) in the gasless group and 55 min (range 30-165 min) in the conventional group without a significant difference. Additionally, there were no differences in operation type, conversion rate of laparotomy, use of an additional trocar, and pathological outcomes between the two groups. No major complications, such as urologic, bowel, and vessel injuries, were found in both groups. Conclusions Gasless SPA laparoscopy using a J-shaped retractor appears to offer a better alternative to conventional SPA laparoscopy that avoids the potential negative effects of carbon dioxide gas in selected cases.Introduction Morbidity following open inguinal hernia repair is mainly related to chronic pain. ProGrip™ is a self-gripping mesh which aims to reduce rates of chronic pain. The aim of this study is to perform an update meta-analysis to consolidate the non-superiority hypothesis in terms of postoperative pain and recurrence and perform a trial sequential analysis. Methods Systematic review of randomised controlled trials performed according to PRISMA guidelines. Pooled odds ratios with 95% confidence intervals (CI) were calculated using the Mantel-Haenszel (M-H) method. The primary outcome measure was postoperative pain and secondary outcomes were recurrence, operative time, wound complications, length of stay, re-operation rate, and cost. Trial sequential analysis was performed. Results There were 14 studies included in the quantitative analysis with 3180 patients randomised to self-gripping mesh (1585) or standard mesh (1595). At all follow-up time points, there was no significant difference in the rates of chronic pain between the self-gripping and standard mesh (risk ratio, RR 1.10, 95% confidence interval, CI 0.83-1.46). There were no significant differences in recurrence rates (RR 1.13, CI 0.84-2.04). The mean operating time was significantly shorted in the ProGrip™ mesh group (MD - 7.32 min, CI - 10.21 to - 4.44). Trial sequential analysis suggests findings are conclusive. Conclusion This meta-analysis has confirmed no benefit of a ProGrip™ mesh when compared to a standard sutured mesh for open inguinal hernia repair in terms of chronic pain or recurrence. No further trials are required to address this clinical question.