To fully participate in the human information-sharing ecosystem that allows for efficient knowledge dissemination and creation, children need to be able to teach others effectively. The current research is the first to investigate links between children's teaching abilities and their developing theory of mind abilities in a non-Western sample. In a sample of 4- to 6-year-old Singaporean children (N = 49), we examined relations between specific components of theory of mind abilities and teaching ability on a social cognitive task. We found that both false belief understanding and the ability to make mental state inferences in a teaching context were associated with effective teaching even after controlling for age and language ability. These findings provide a nuanced picture of the links between mental state reasoning and teaching ability. More broadly, they provide evidence that these links extend beyond Western cultures and generalize to social-cognitive teaching contexts. Although patients with epilepsy (PWE) constitute a considerable sector of the population in Benghazi, there is no adequate knowledge about this disease. To assess knowledge and attitudes toward epilepsy among Libyan people who live in Benghazi city. A cross-sectional prospective hospital-based study was conducted in the year 2020, from June to August. The participants were adults, PWE were included as well as people without epilepsy (NEP). Participants were interviewed through a twelve-item questionnaire related to knowledge which included definition, causes, manifestations, first aids, treatment options, and curability. In addition, attitudes toward epilepsy were tested by questions that include immediate actions when seeing a patient seizing, and whether or not PWE can drive, work, marry, and conceive). Data were processed by the statistical software (SPSS) version 18.0. Differences between categorical variables were tested by Chi square and P value at 0.05, which has been considered statistically s epilepsy were generally satisfactory. Participants with Bachelor degree or higher level of education had better knowledge and positive attitudes toward PWE. Patients and media are important tools to improve knowledge and attitudes about epilepsy.Knowledge and attitudes toward epilepsy were generally satisfactory. PD173212 chemical structure Participants with Bachelor degree or higher level of education had better knowledge and positive attitudes toward PWE. Patients and media are important tools to improve knowledge and attitudes about epilepsy.Breast cancer is believed to be driven by epigenetic regulation of genes implicated in cell proliferation, survival, and differentiation. Recently, aberrant N6-methyladenosine (m6A) decorations turned up as crucial epigenetic regulator for malignant breast cancer, which may serve as new targets for breast cancer treatment. Here we briefly outline the functions of m6A and its regulatory proteins, including m6A "writers," "readers," and "erasers" on RNA life fate, recapitulate the latest breakthroughs in understanding m6A modification and its regulatory proteins, and the underlying molecular mechanisms that contribute to the carcinogenesis and the progression of breast cancer, so as to provide potential epigenetic targets for diagnosis, treatment and prognosis in breast cancer.Inspired by the unique glass cell wall of diatom, we design a new nanostructure of human serum albumin nanoparticle (HSANP) coated with silica (HSA/SiO2), which consists of a core-satellite assembly of small silica nanoparticles on a single HSANP. The HSA/SiO2 nanoparticles are used for delivering ruthenium polypyridyl complexes into cells. The silica coating increases the Ru loading efficiency, and prevents the burst release of Ru from HSA/SiO2. The Ru release rate can be controlled by adjusting the amount of coated silica on HSANP, affording a drug delivery system with controlled drug release rate. The Ru-HSA/SiO2 nanoparticles show high stability in physiological condition, and significantly increase the Ru uptake into cells, which proceeds via clathrin-mediated endocytosis into the lysosomes. The silica coating takes no effect on the fluorescence intensity and ROS generation of loaded Ru in HSA/SiO2. Furthermore, Ru4-HSA/SiO2 exhibit weak cytotoxicity in dark, however, the nanodrug can be activated by light irradiation and generate ROS to damage cells, thus achieving an excellent photodynamic therapy efficiency. Therefore, the diatom-like nanostructure can function as sustained drug delivery nanocarrier of ruthenium polypyridyl complex and can be used for bioimaging and photodynamic therapy. Japan and South Korea, two neighbouring countries in East Asia, enjoy the highest life expectancies in the world, yet suffer paradoxically from high suicide rates. We sought to conduct a cross-national comparative analysis of depressive symptoms among older adults in Japan vs. Korea, focusing particularly on poverty and physical health status. We used nationally representative samples aged 65 and over from the Comprehensive Survey of Living Conditions in Japan and the Korean Community Health Survey in South Korea. Multivariate logistic regression models were conducted to examine if equivalized household income, poor self-rated health, disability and comorbidity (number of diseases) were associated with depressive symptoms, adjusting for age, education, marital status, alcohol use, smoking and living alone. Older Japanese adults with poor self-rated health and disability were more likely to report depressive symptoms, but income level was not significantly associated with mental distress. By contrast, ls of mental distress, especially if they are financially insecure.Despite the concerns and efforts of policy makers, it has proved difficult to restrain the growth in hospital admissions in England. Using data from Hospital Episode Statistics (HES), in this paper we perform, for all patients treated in English hospitals between 1997/8 and 2014/15, an age, period, cohort (APC) analysis to examine how far trends in emergency and elective hospital admissions and bed days can be explained by the effects of the age distribution of the population, together with rising numbers of older people; cohort effects due to differing admission rates of people born in different years, and period effects, effects relating to a specific year which cannot be explained by either age or cohort effects. This time period was chosen to cover a time of significant policy upheaval in the NHS, including significant reforms to the ways in which hospitals were funded, managed and had patients referred to them. We find that most of the increase in elective admissions is due to the period effect. Elective bed-days have been decreasing, generally due to a shift towards day-cases.