This review provides an overview on the active phytochemical constituents of medicinal plants that are traditionally used to manage cancer in Ethiopia. A total of 119 articles published between 1968 and 2020 have been reviewed, using scientific search engines such as ScienceDirect, PubMed, and Google Scholar. Twenty-seven medicinal plant species that belong to eighteen families are documented along with their botanical sources, potential active constituents, and in vitro and in vivo activities against various cancer cells. The review is compiled and discusses the potential anticancer, antiproliferative, and cytotoxic agents based on the types of secondary metabolites, such as terpenoids, phenolic compounds, alkaloids, steroids, and lignans. Among the anticancer secondary metabolites reported in this review, only few have been isolated from plants that are originated and collected in Ethiopia, and the majority of compounds are reported from plants belonging to different areas of the world. Thus, based on the available bioactivity reports, extensive and more elaborate ethnopharmacology-based bioassay-guided studies have to be conducted on selected traditionally claimed Ethiopian anticancer plants, which inherited from a unique and diverse landscape, with the aim of opening a way forward to conduct anticancer drug discovery program.Phylogenetic analyses of complete chloroplast genome sequences have yielded significant improvements in our understanding of relationships in the woody flowering genus Viburnum (Adoxaceae, Dipsacales); however, these relationships were evaluated focusing only on Viburnum species within Central and South America and Southeast Asia. By contrast, despite being a hotspot of Viburnum diversity, phylogenetic relationships of Viburnum species in China are less well known. Here, we characterized the complete chloroplast (cp) genomes of 21 Viburnum species endemic to China, as well as three Sambucus species. These 24 plastomes were highly conserved in genomic structure, gene order and content, also when compared with other Adoxaceae. The identified repeat sequences, simple sequence repeats (SSRs) and highly variable plastid regions will provide potentially valuable genetic resources for further population genetics and phylogeographic studies on Viburnum and Sambucus. Consistent with previous combined phylogenetic analyses of 113 Viburnum species, our phylogenomic analyses based on the complete cp genome sequence dataset confirmed the sister relationship between Viburnum and the Sambucus-Adoxa-Tetradoxa-Sinadoxa group, the monophyly of four recognized sections in Flora of China (i.e., Viburnum sect. Tinus, Viburnum sect. Solenotinus, Viburnum sect. Viburnum and Viburnum sect. Pseudotinus) and the nonmonophyly of Viburnum sect. Odontotinus and Viburnum sect. Megalotinus. Additionally, our study confirmed the sister relationships between the clade Valvatotinus and Viburnum sect. Pseudotinus, as well as between Viburnum sect. Opulus and the Odontotinus-Megalotinus group. Overall, our results clearly document the power of the complete cp genomes in improving phylogenetic resolution, and will contribute to a better understanding of plastome evolution in Chinese Adoxaceae.Whooping cough is a highly contagious disease caused predominantly by Bordetella pertussis, but it also comprises of a pertussis-like illness caused by B. holmesii. The virulence factors of B. holmesii and their role in the pathogenesis remain unknown. Lipopolysaccharide is the main surface antigen of all Bordetellae. Data on the structural features of the lipopolysaccharide (LPS) of B. holmesii are scarce. The poly- and oligosaccharide components released by mild acidic hydrolysis of the LPS were separated and investigated by 1H and 13C NMR spectroscopy, mass spectrometry, and chemical methods. The structures of the O-specific polysaccharide and the core oligosaccharide of B. holmesii ATCC 51541 have been identified for the first time. The novel pentasaccharide repeating unit of the B. holmesii O-specific polysaccharide has the following structure →2)-α-l-Rhap-(1→6)-α-d-Glcp-(1→4)-[β-d-GlcpNAc-(1→3]-α-d-Galp-(1→3)-α-d-GlcpNAc-(1→n. The SDS-PAGE and serological cross-reactivities of the B. holmesii LPS suggested the similarity between the core oligosaccharides of B. holmesii ATCC 51541 and B. pertussis strain 606. The main oligosaccharide fraction contained a nonasaccharide. The comparative analysis of the NMR spectra of B. holmesii core oligosaccharide fraction with this of the B. pertussis strain 606 indicated that the investigated core oligosaccharides were identical.Malignant melanoma represents a highly aggressive form of skin cancer. 2-Methoxyestradiol ic50 The metastatic process itself is mostly governed by the so-called epithelial mesenchymal transition (EMT), which confers cancer cells migrative, invasive and resistance abilities. Since EMT represents a conserved developmental process, it is worthwhile further examining the nature of early developmental steps fundamental for melanocyte differentiation. This can be done either in vivo by analyzing the physiologic embryo development in different species or by in vitro studies of melanocytic differentiation originating from embryonic human stem cells. Most importantly, external cues drive progenitor cell differentiation, which can be divided in stages favoring neural crest specification or melanocytic differentiation and proliferation. In this review, we describe ectopic factors which drive human pluripotent stem cell differentiation to melanocytes in 2D, as well as in organoid models. Furthermore, we compare developmental mechanisms with processes described to occur during melanoma development. Finally, we suggest differentiation factors as potential co-treatment options for metastatic melanoma patients.This article presents a mechanical fault diagnosis methodology in synchronous machines using only a single current measurement in variable speed conditions. The proposed methodology uses order tracking in order to sample the analysis signal as a function of the rotor angle. The spectrum of the signal is then independent of speed and it could be employed in frequency analysis. Order tracking is usually applied using rotor position measurement. In this work, the proposed method uses one current measurement to estimate the position as well as the analysis signal (rotation speed). Furthermore, a statistical approach is used to create a complete diagnosis protocol. At variable speed and with only one current measurement the diagnosis is challenging. However, order tracking will allow simpler analysis. The method is proved in simulations and experimental set-up.