in the coming studies in future.The detected 5S and 45S rDNA loci in Lathyrus could be used as chromosomal markers to discriminate the chromosome pairs of the examined species. FISH could discriminate only one chromosome pair out of the seven pairs in three species, in L. hirsutus L., L. nissolia L. and L. incospicuus L., and two chromosome pairs in five species, in L. paranensis Burkart, L. odoratus L., L. amphicarpos L., L. gorgoni Parl. and L. articulatus L., while it could discriminate three chromosome pairs in L. sphaericus Retz. these results could contribute into the physical genome mapping of Lathyrus species and the evolution of rDNA patterns by FISH in the coming studies in future. A novel technique of single-layer continuous suturing (SCS) for pancreaticojejunostomy (PJ) during robotic pancreaticoduodenectomy (RPD), a technically straightforward procedure, has been shown to produce promising results in a previous study. The present RCT aims to show that SCS during RPD does not increase the incidence of clinically relevant postoperative pancreatic fistula (CR-POPF) when compared with modified Blumgart anastomosis (MBA). Between January 2019 and September 2019, consecutive patients (ASA score ≤ 2) who underwent RPD were enrolled and randomized to the SCS or the MBA group. The primary endpoint was the rate of CR-POPF. A noninferiority margin of 10% was chosen. Of the 186 patients, 4 were excluded because PJ was not performed. The remaining 182 patients were randomized to the SCS group (n = 89) or MBA group (n = 93). CR-POPF rate was not inferior in the SCS group [SCS 6.7%, MBA 11.8%; 95% confidence interval (- 0.76, - 0.06), P = 0.0002]. PJ duration was significantly lower in the SCS group (P < 0.01). No significant differences were found between the two groups in operative time, estimated blood loss, postoperative hospital stay, or rates of conversion to laparotomy, morbidity, reoperation, or mortality. On subgroup analysis of patients with a soft pancreas and small main pancreatic duct, SCS significantly reduced the duration of PJ. This study showed that SCS was not inferior to MBA in terms of the CR-POPF rate during RPD. GSK3685032 price Registration number ChiCTR1800020086 ( www.Chictr.org.cn ).This study showed that SCS was not inferior to MBA in terms of the CR-POPF rate during RPD. Registration number ChiCTR1800020086 ( www.Chictr.org.cn ). There are few studies of urinary biomarkers and histopathologic features in lupus nephritis (LN). The aim was to analyze the correlation between a wide panel of urinary biomarkers and serum concentrations of anti C1q antibodies with histological items of activity and chronicity on kidney biopsy in LN patients. Patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) according to American College of Rheumatology (ACR) criteria were included. LN diagnosis was based on ACR criteria. Histologic features of activity and chronicity indices were analyzed according to the Austin classification. Serum Anti C1q levels were determined by commercial ELISA. Urinary levels of transferrin, ceruloplasmin (CP), VCAM-1, TWEAK, monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1), neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL), and alpha-1-acid glycoprotein were measured by commercial ELISA. We included 120 SLE patients (81% female, mean age 33.1 ± 9.3years, 59.4% Mestizo, 37.8% Afro-Latin American) 64% had LN. Kidney biopsy was performy CP were associated with activity on kidney biopsy and MCP-1 with chronic damage. This panel of biomarkers could be validated in larger, multi-ethnic population as a complementary tool for better stratification of LN patients. Key Points • Urinary biomarkers are complementary useful tools for the assessment of SLE patients. • Urinary levels of CP correlated with activity findings on kidney biopsy in LN patients. • Urinary levels of MCP-1 correlated with chronic damage, especially with fibrous crescents, tubular atrophy, and interstitial fibrosis.This paper is a continuation of the research published by the Stability Shelf Life Working Group as chartered under the Product Quality Research Institute. The Working Group was formed in 2006 and disbanded in late 2019. Following the philosophy presented by the Working Group on how to characterize the stability shelf life paradigm (Capen et al., 2012), shelf life is estimated here in terms of defining risk as a specified proportion of the pharmaceutical stability distribution of interest being out of specification. Shelf life can be defined for the batch mean distribution for regulatory issues, as well as for the product distributions for patient interests. Estimates of shelf life are proposed corresponding to each stability distribution through the use of statistical tolerance intervals. Appropriate estimates of the between-batch and within-batch variance components are obtained through a random coefficient mixed regression model analysis based on the best fit to batch stability response data. Tolerance interval estimates are computed as part of the mixed model analysis and computed directly using the statistical definition of the stability distributions. A proposed rationale is offered on how to select an appropriate proportion allowed out of specification to define a meaningful shelf life. Examples of the proposed shelf life estimates are presented using industry stability batch data. For each example, the traditional ICH shelf life estimate is given for comparison.The demand for skin-whitening creams (SWCs) has increased rapidly worldwide due to sharp rise in product advertisements in the media and the growing awareness. Metals are present either as impurities or added intentionally in creams and may have toxic effects on users. The present study was carried out to determine the content of metals such as mercury (Hg), cadmium (Cd), lead (Pb), arsenic (As), chromium (Cr), nickel (Ni), cobalt (Co), copper (Cu), zinc (Zn), and iron (Fe) in fifteen skin-whitening creams marketed at local shops in Islamabad, Pakistan. The concentrations of metals were analyzed by inductive coupled plasma-optical emission spectrometer (ICP-OES) after digestion with a mixture of HNO3, HCl, and H2O2. The skin-whitening creams were found to have metal concentrations in parts per million (ppm) in the following range Hg (1.0-18,210 ppm), Co (0.1992-1.9931 ppm), Cr (1.0453-2.7455 ppm), Cu (0.6987-0.1997 ppm), Fe (8.8868-28.6213 ppm), Ni (0.7487-1.5958 ppm), Pb (0.2997-4.7287 ppm), and Zn (7819.2-39,696.